Figure 6. R848 or its combination with CpG induces a panel of proinflammatory cytokines in a conventional in vitro suppression assay.

Isolated CD4⁺CD25⁻ T cells (1×10⁵/well) from naïve mice were cultured with or without CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs (5×10⁴/well), irradiated APC (1×10⁵/well) and 1 µg/mL anti-CD3 in 96-well plates in the presence or absence of 3 µg/mL CpG, R848, or both. Supernatants were collected after 72 h and tested for IFN-γ (A), TNF-α (B), IL-4 (C), IL-10 (D), IL-2 (E), or IL-6 (F). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM from 2 experiments performed in triplicate wells. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01.