Table 3.
Echocardiographic Analyses of Long-Term PM2.5-Exposed Mice
| FA | PM | P Value | n | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVESd, mm | 2.56 (±0.10) | 2.85 (±0.1) | 0.038 | FA=10; PM=9 |
| LVEDd, mm | 4.25 (±0.10) | 3.95 (±0.06) | 0.0319 | FA=10; PM=9 |
| PWTd, mm | 0.73 (±0.01) | 0.69 (±0.03) | 0.2494 | FA=10; PM=9 |
| PWTs, mm | 1.28 (±0.02) | 1.00 (±0.04) | <0.0001 | FA=10; PM=9 |
| FS, % | 39.83 (±1.37) | 27.92 (±1.30) | <0.0001 | FA=10; PM=9 |
| Mitral E/A, ratio | 1.95 (±0.05) | 1.52 (±0.07) | 0.0001 | FA=9; PM=8 |
| Dobutamine HR, bpm | 583.8 (±8.1) | 596.6 (±5.6) | 0.231 | FA=5; PM=5 |
| Dobutamine FS, % | 62.32 (±0.85) | 49.23 (±1.45) | <0.0001 | FA=9; PM=8 |
| Coronary flow velocity, mm/s | 342.9 (±32.6) | 255.6 (±12.5) | 0.0705 | FA=6; PM=4 |
| Coronary flow velocity reserve, mm/s | 800.4 (±41.5) | 745.5 (±21.8) | 0.3771 | FA=5; PM=3 |
FA indicates filtered air; PM, particulate matter; LVESd, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; PWTd, diastolic posterior wall thickness; PWTs, systolic posterior wall thickness; FS, fractional shortening; mitral E/A, mitral flow E-to-A ratio; dobutamine HR, heart rate after dobutamine challenge; and dobutamine FS; fractional shortening after dobutamine challenge.
Data are expressed as mean±SEM and analyzed using a Student t test.