TABLE 2—
Odds of Adverse Birth Outcomes for Hospital-Based, Medicaid-Funded, Singleton Births Nationally in 2009 and Supported by Doulas Among a Cohort in Minneapolis, MN, 2010–2012, With Control for Demographic and Clinical Factors
| Preterm Birth, AOR (95% CI) | Cesarean Delivery, AOR (95% CI) | |
| Doula support | 0.81 (0.63, 1.04) | 0.59 (0.51, 0.68) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Asian | 0.84 (0.77, 0.93) | 0.78 (0.74, 0.82) |
| Black | 1.42 (1.37, 1.47) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.09) |
| Hispanic | 0.85 (0.82, 0.88) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.97) |
| White (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Age, y | ||
| < 20 | 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) | 0.68 (0.67, 0.70) |
| 21–25 | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) |
| 26–30 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 31–35 | 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) | 1.28 (1.25, 1.31) |
| ≥ 36 | 1.22 (1.15, 1.30) | 1.54 (1.49, 1.59) |
| Pregnancy-related complications | ||
| Hypertension | 2.32 (2.23, 2.42) | 1.89 (1.83, 1.94) |
| Diabetes | 1.50 (1.42, 1.58) | 1.75 (1.69, 1.81) |
Note. AOR = Adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. Sample size = 280 087.