Table 2.

Structural and intermediary determinants of inequity in maternal health in China

	Economic status and place of residence	Education level	Ethnicity	Rural-to-urban migrants	Gender
Material circumstances	Poor sanitation Lack of vehicles Less supplements and nutritious food Long distance to health facilities	No studies found	Poor living and transportation conditions Long distance to health facilities	Low-paying work Vulnerable living status Poor working environments	Lack of power on financial decision-making in families
Behaviors and biological factors	Insufficient knowledge on importance of maternal health care Insufficient knowledge on contraceptives More children and fine for not complying with family planning policy	Limited knowledge on maternal health and contraceptives	Insufficient knowledge on importance of maternal health care Insufficient knowledge on contraceptives Preference on home delivery	Limited knowledge about contraceptives and importance of maternal health care Less conservatively behaviors	Undertaking both housing and farming work Poor awareness on gender equity Lock control on using maternal health services or contraceptives Son preference and sex-selection abortion
Psychosocial factors	No studies found	No studies found	No studies found	Being not familiar with new environments Lack of social support networks	No studies found
Health system factors	Out-of-pocket payment Insurance Status Coverage of subsidy programs Low quality of maternal health care provided by local health facilities Health workers’ attitude	Poor communication with health workers	Lack of privacy in health facilities Lack of female health workers Lack of cultural-acceptable maternal health services procedures Out-of-pocket payment	Lack of privacy in reproductive health and abortion consultation in public health facilities	Lack of privacy in health facilities Lack of female health workers