Table 5.
Clinical presentation, stool examination, and outcomes of 468 diarrheal patients with NTS identified in stool compared with control diarrheal surveillance matched by month of admission
| Clinical variable at presentation | All NTS (N = 468) | All-diarrhea (N = 1,404) | Adjusted P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| History | |||
| Watery stool (%) | 438 (94) | 1,331 (95) | NS |
| ORS use before presentation (%) | 379 (81) | 1,131 (81) | NS |
| Number of stools in past 24 hours > 10 times (%) | 218 (47) | 521 (45) | NS |
| Duration of diarrhea ≥ 7 days (%) | 37 (8) | 109 (8) | NS |
| Pre-admission antibiotic (%) | 105 (36) | 303 (37) | NS |
| Abdominal pain (%) | 220 (47) | 574 (41) | NS |
| Vomiting in last 24 hours (%) | 377 (81) | 1,104 (79) | NS |
| Physical examination | |||
| Temperature > 37.8 °C (%) | 41 (9) | 75 (5) | NS |
| Drowsy or lethargic (%) | 269 (57) | 766 (55) | NS |
| Feeble or unpalpable radial pulse (%) | 87 (19) | 346 (25) | NS |
| Severe dehydration (%) | 87 (19) | 347 (25) | NS |
| HAZ < −2, stunted (%; for < 5 years of age) | 101 (46) | 284 (38) | NS |
| WAZ < −2, underweight (%; for < 5 years of age) | 116 (53) | 354 (48) | NS |
| WHZ < −2, wasted (%; for < 5 years of age) | 76 (35) | 228 (31) | NS |
| MUAC median (mean; for < 5 years of age) | 19 (29) | 15 (26) | NS |
| Outcome | |||
| IV rehydration used | 233 (50) | 465 (33) | 0.002 |
| Died | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.1) | NS |
| Duration of hospital stay (hours) | 18 (31) | 15 (25) | NS |
| Stool examination | |||
| Consistency watery/liquid (%) | 321 (71) | 916 (70) | NS |
| Gross blood presence (%) | 13 (3) | 30 (2) | NS |
| Mucus moderate or heavy (%) | 119 (26) | 247 (19) | 0.02 |
| RBC present on microscopy (%) | 193 (42) | 387 (30) | < 0.003 |
| Pus cells > 50 on microscopy (%) | 71 (16) | 104 (8) | < 0.003 |
| Macrophage present on microscopy (%) | 149 (33) | 248 (19) | < 0.003 |
HAZ = height-for-age Z score; MUAC = mid-upper arm circumference; RBC = red blood cell; WAZ = weight-for-age Z score; WHZ = weight-for-height Z score.
*
Holm–Bonferroni-corrected. NS = P > 0.05.