Table 1.
Characteristics of spontaneous regression of HCC
| Reference (first author) | Year | Age | Sex | Etiology | Radiologic regression | Histologically necrosis (staining method) | Proposed mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andreola [2] | 1987 | 75 | M | alcohol | partial | complete (HE, PAS, Masson's trichrome, Weigert, immunostaining) | venous thrombosis |
| Ozeki [3] | 1996 | 69 | F | unknown | complete | complete (unknown) | herbal medicine |
| Markovic [4] | 1996 | 62 | M | HBV | partial | complete (unknown) | biological effects by cytokines |
| Izuishi [5] | 2000 | 50 | M | HCV | partial | complete (HE, reticulin silver) | ischemia or immune response |
| Matsuo [6] | 2001 | 72 | M | HCV | complete | complete (HE, reticulin silver) | ischemia or immune response |
| Morimoto [7] | 2002 | 73 | M | alcohol | partial | complete (unknown) | hepatic artery thrombosis |
| Iiai [8] | 2003 | 69 | M | HCV | complete | complete (HE) | portal vein tumor thrombus, abstinence from smoking |
| Li [9] | 2003 | 53 | M | HBV | unknown | complete (unknown) | biological effects by cytokines |
| Ohta [10] | 2005 | 74 | M | unknown | complete | complete (HE, reticulin silver) | disturbance of the blood flow (arterial sclerosis) |
| Ohtani [11] | 2005 | 69 | M | HCV, alcohol | partial | complete (HE) | disturbance of the blood flow (a thick capsule) |
| Meza-Junco [12] | 2007 | 56 | F | HCV | partial | complete (HE) | disturbance of the blood flow (a thick capsule) |
| Arakawa [13] | 2008 | 78 | F | HBV | partial | complete (HE) | portal vein thrombosis, immune response |
| Storey [14] | 2011 | 52 | M | alcohol | partial | complete (unknown) | abstinence from alcohol |
| Mochizuki [15] | 1991 | 61 | M | unknown | complete | partial (unknown) | radiation |
| Imaoka [16] | 1994 | 65 | M | HCV | partial | partial (HE) | arterial thrombosis |
| Stoelben [17] | 1998 | 56 | M | unknown | partial | partial (HE) | biological effects triggered by infection |
| Stoelben [17] | 1998 | 74 | M | unknown | partial | partial (HE) | biological effects triggered by infection |
| Uenishi [18] | 2000 | 65 | M | HCV | partial | partial (HE) | portal vein thrombosis |
| Blondon [19] | 2004 | 64 | M | alcohol | partial | partial (unknown) | rupture of esophageal varix, tamoxifen |
| Yano [20] | 2005 | 71 | F | HCV | partial | partial (HE, Weigert) | disturbance of the blood flow |
| Park [21] | 2009 | 57 | M | HBV | unknown | partial (HE, immunostaining) | infiltrating lymphocyte |
HBV = Hepatitis B virus infection; HCV = hepatitis C virus infection; HE = hematoxylin and eosin staining; PAS = periodic acid-Schiff stain.