Figure 2.

Simulation of electric field intensity and DEP force. (a) Electric field intensity distribution of arrowhead 3D electrode at the middle plane between upper electrode and lower electrode. The schematic diagram of 3D electrode is shown in the inset of (a). The potential was set to 1 V and −1 V for upper electrode and lower electrode, respectively. The red color represents high electric field, while the blue color represents low electric field. The black lines represent electrode edges; (b) cross-sectional view of field distribution and DEP force along the red dashed line in 2(a); (c) cross-sectional view of field distribution and DEP force of planar electrode located on one side of microchannel. The magnitude of DEP force was normalized by logarithm function with base of 10.