Table 3. Thoracic impedance variables and baroreflex sensitivity (mean ± SD) of participants and statistical results.
week 12 | week 16 | week 20 | week 25 | week 30 | week 35 | ANOVA | ||||
Thoracic impedance (Ohm) | p | ηp2 | ||||||||
rest | 35.8±5.5 | 35.9±5.2 | 36.3±4.7 | 37.5±5.2 | 36.5±3.4 | 34.9±3.8 | week | F (5,175) = 2.9 | <.05 | .08 |
post DB | 35.8±5.7 | 35.6±5.1 | 36.2±4.7 | 37.3±5.3 | 36.3±3.2 | 34.6±3.7 | condition | F (1,35) = 6.7 | <.05 | .16 |
Delta Z 0,RESP (Ohm) | ||||||||||
rest | 0.43±0.12 | 0.44±0.16 | 0.48±0.15 | 0.52±0.13 | 0.58±0.16 | 0.63±0.18 | week | F (5,175) = 26.7 | <.001 | .43 |
post DB | 0.43±0.14 | 0.43±0.16 | 0.48±0.16 | 0.51±0.15 | 0.56±0.15 | 0.58±0.16 | condition | F (1,35) = 3.1 | = .09 | .08 |
RF (1/min) | ||||||||||
rest | 18.8±2.7 | 18.5±2.5 | 18.7±2.6 | 18.6±2.2 | 17.9±2.4 | 18.3±2.0 | week | F (5,175) = 1.2 | = .32 | .03 |
post DB | 17.2±2.5 | 16.7±2.1 | 17.1±2.6 | 17.4±2.3 | 16.9±2.1 | 17.3±2.0 | condition | F (1,35) = 87.0 | <.001 | .71 |
BRS (ms/mm Hg) | ||||||||||
rest | 18.4±9.0 | 16.6±7.9 | 14.3±6.6 | 11.9±5.2 | 11.1±8.8 | 10.1±5.4 | week | F (5,175) = 16 | <.001 | .61 |
post DB | 18.2±10.1 | 15.9±7.6 | 13.7±7.2 | 11.8±5.9 | 11.0±9.9 | 10.5±5.9 | condition | F (1,35) = 11.8 | = .63 | .01 |
Delta Z0,RESP = change of thoracic impedance (Z0) driven by respiration; RF = respiratory frequency; BRS = baroreflex sensitivity; DB = deep breathing. Note : Multivariate analyses of variance significant for main effects only.