Table 1.
Demographic Information for n=771 European Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus and available Biventricular Volume from the Diabetes Heart Study.
| Variable | Mean ± SD (range; median*) or % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All (n=771) | Living (n=591) | Deceased (n=180) | |
| Demographic Information | |||
| Age (years) | 61.9 ± 8.9 (36.3–86.0) | 60.5 ± 8.4 | 66.7 ± 9.0 |
| Male | 49.2% | 47.2% | 55.6% |
| Smoking (current or prior) | 44.0% | 43.5% | 45.6% |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 89.0% | 89.0% | 88.9% |
| Diabetes Duration (years) | 10.6 ± 7.1 (1.0–41.1) | 9.6 ± 6.3 (1.0–30.8) | 13.6 ± 8.5 (1.0–41.1) |
| Self-reported CVD History | 44.0% | 38.9% | 60.6% |
| Self reported prior MI | 21.4% | 16.4% | 37.8% |
| Deceased – CVD causes | 9.3% | n/a | 40.0% |
| Body Composition | |||
| Height (cm) | 168.8 ± 9.7 (122.8–195.8) | 168.8 ± 9.8 (122.8–195.8) | 168.8 ± 9.5 (147.4–189.0) |
| Weight (kg) | 92.3 ± 20.1 (40.8–209.2) | 92.8 ± 20.0 (44.1–209.2) | 90.5 ± 20.6 (40.8 152.1) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 32.4 ± 6.6 (17.1–58.0) | 32.6 ± 6.5 (17.1–58.0) | 31.7 ± 6.8 (17.5–56.9) |
| Blood Pressure | |||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 140 ± 19 (98–260) | 140 ± 17 (98–214) | 141 ± 23 (99–260) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72 ± 10 (37–102) | 73 ± 10 (37–102) | 69 ± 10 (45–101) |
| Pulse Pressure (mmHg) | 68 ± 17 (28–159) | 67 ± 16 (28–124) | 71 ± 19 (32–159) |
| Hypertension | 88.7% | 87.1% | 93.9% |
| Anti-hypertensive Use | 78.7% | 76.1% | 87.2% |
| Blood Biochemistry | |||
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | 150 ± 57 (16–463) | 148 ± 54 (16–463) | 156 ± 68 (46–436) |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 ± 1.6 (4.3–16.6) | 7.4 ± 1.5 (4.6–15.4) | 7.8 ± 1.8 (4.3–16.6) |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 186 ± 43 (74–427) | 186 ± 43 (74–427) | 187 ± 43 (105–386) |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 103 ± 32 (14–236) | 103 ± 32 (14–236) | 104 ± 32 (33–228) |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 43 ± 12 (8–98) | 43 ± 12 (18–98) | 41 ± 12 (8–86) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 208 ± 133 (30–1068) | 204 ± 127 (30–1068) | 221 ± 152 (38–1065) |
| Dyslipidemia | 94.3% | 93.6% | 96.7% |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 6.3 ± 9.7 (0.05–96) | 5.7 ± 8.3 (0.05–96) | 8.4 ± 12.8 (0.08–90) |
| Cardiovascular Disease Severity | |||
| CAC>0 | 96.0 % | 94.6% | 98.9% |
| Mean CAC | 2096 ± 3557 (0–50415; 604) | 1640 ± 3412 (0–50415; 374) | 3586 ± 3622 (0–21725; 2506) |
| CarCP>0 | 79.3% | 74.6% | 93.9% |
| Mean CarCP | 390 ± 745 (0–6122; 97) | 296 ± 656 (0–6122; 51) | 692 ± 916 (0–5605; 299) |
| AACP>0 | 96.7% | 96.2% | 98.3% |
| Mean AACP | 13644 ± 17113 (0–94156; 6766) | 10998 ± 15046 (0–75567; 4525) | 23482 ± 20497 (0–94156; 18732) |
| Carotid IMT (mm) | 0.687 ± 0.137 (0.451–1.569) | 0.671 0. ± 132 (0.451–1.569) | 0.739 ± 0.140 (0.498–1.316) |
| Ventricular Volume | |||
| Biventricular Volume (mL) | 384.5 ± 112.1 (156.6–884.5) | 374.6 ± 105.5 (156.6–884.5) | 416.8 ± 128.7 (188.1–798.3) |
| Biventricular Volume Quartile | |||
| Ranges | |||
| Q1 | 156.6–300.9 | 156.6–297.5 | 188.1–332.2 |
| Q2 | 300.9–375.6 | 297.5–364.1 | 332.2–395.9 |
| Q3 | 375.6–448.8 | 364.1–438.6 | 395.9–495.3 |
| Q4 | 448.8–884.5 | 438.6–884.5 | 495.3–798.3 |
CVD = cardiovascular disease; MI = myocardial infarction; BP = blood pressure; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; LDL = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; CAC = coronary artery calcified plaque; CarCP = carotid artery calcified plaque; AACP = abdominal aortic calcified plaque; IMT = intima-media thickness.
*
median values included only for measures of vascular calcification