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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2012 Dec 28;6(4):309–320. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0368

Figure 3. Nicotine decreases the level of SIRT1 protein and the transcription of tumor suppressor genes, and increases AKT phosphorylation.

Figure 3

The lung SIRT1 protein levels are shown in (A). Inset: a representative image of lung SIRT1 and GAPDH proteins. The lung sirt1 mRNA levels are shown in (B). The quantification of AKT phosphorylation on Ser473 is shown in (C). Inset: a representative image of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and total AKT. The mRNA levels of the p53 and RAR-β are shown in (D) and (E), respectively. The proteins were detected using Western blotting. The intensity of the bands was quantified using densitometry and normalized to GAPDH or total AKT. The mRNA levels were measured with qRT-PCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA levels. The columns represent the mean ± sem. *p < 0.05. Abbreviations: C: control; Nic: nicotine; NNK: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; RAR-β: retinoic acid receptor-β, SIRT1: sirtuin 1.