Table 2.
Potential Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection After Breast Surgery Included in Study
| Potential Risk Factors for Breast Surgical Site Infections | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preoperative | Intraoperative | Postoperative |
| Age | Skin antisepsis | Serum Glucose |
| Gender | Razor shaving vs. clipping | Hemoglobin, hematocrit |
| Medicaid | Prophylactic antibiotics (type, duration prior to incision, 2nd dose for surgeries with duration > 6 hours) | Transfusions (number and type received during and/or after operation, before discharge from surgical admission) |
| Body mass index | Local infiltration | Pathology |
| Carcinoma in-situ | ||
| Invasive carcinoma | ||
| Histologic grade and stage | ||
| Weight of removed breast tissue | ||
| Tumor stage (TNM) | ||
| Diabetes, including form of control | Use of operating microscope (TRAM abdomen only) | Postoperative antibiotics |
| Duration | ||
| Type(s) | ||
| Serum Glucose | Intraoperative irrigation | Discharged on antibiotics |
| Smoking history | Hemostatic agent | Postoperative complications |
| Hematoma | ||
| Seroma | ||
| Alcohol use | Type of procedure | |
| Mastectomy | ||
| Implant | ||
| Flap | ||
| Reduction only | ||
| Menopausal status | Breast implant | |
| Tissue expander vs. permanent | ||
| Skin disorders | If implant, antibiotic/antiseptic soaked | |
| Previous breast surgery | Type of flap | |
| Previous needle or open biopsy | Lymph node dissection | |
| Sentinel node | ||
| Axillary dissection | ||
| No. of nodes removed | ||
| Steroid therapy | Duration of surgery | |
| Preoperative chemotherapy or irradiation | Estimated blood loss | |
| ASA class | Drains (number and type) | |
| Hemoglobin, hematocrit | Surgeon(s), resident surgeon(s) | |