Table 2.
Summary of original reports describing the incidence of AKI.
| Author | no. of subjects | Single/multicenter | Patient population | AKI definition used | AKI incidence (%) | Mortality endpoint | Mortality (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thakar et al. [3] | 325,395 | Multi | Mixed | RIFLE | 22 | ICU | 10.9 |
| Ostermann an Chang [4] | 41,972 | Multi | Mixed | RIFLE | 35.8 | ICU Hospital |
10.2 12.9 |
| Gammelager et al. [5] | 30,762 | Multi | Mixed | RIFLE | 15.6 | 30 days | 40 |
| Joannidis et al. [6] | 16,784 | Multi | Mixed | RIFLE | 35.5 | Hospital | 36.4 |
| Mandelbaum et al. [7] | 14,524 | Single | Mixed | AKIN | 57 | ICU Hospital |
7.1 9.1 |
| Hoste et al. [8] | 5383 | Single | Mixed | RIFLE | 67.2 | Hospital | 13.3 |
| Cruz et al. [9] | 2164 | Multi | Mixed | RIFLE | 10.8 | ICU | 36.3 |
| Samimagham et al. [10] | 1026 | Single | Mixed | RIFLE | 21.7 | 1 year | 49 2.5 RRT at 90 d |
| Fonseca Ruiz et al. [11] | 794 | Single | Mixed |
AKIN | 39.8 | ICU Hospital |
25.4 32.1 |
| Piccinni et al. [12] | 576 | Multi | Mixed | RIFLE | 42.7 | ICU | 29 |
| Medve and Gondos [13] | 459 | Single | Mixed | AKIN | 24.4 | ICU Hospital |
39.3 49.1 |
| Samimagham et al. [10] | 235 | Single | Mixed | AKIN | 31.1 | ICU | 72.6 |
| Yue et al. [14] | 191 | Single | Mixed | AKIN | 35.5 | ICU | 48 |
| Abosaif et al. [15] | 183 | Single | Mixed | RIFLE | ICU | 47.5 | |
| Yegenaga et al. [16] | 139 | Single | Mixed | RIFLE | 56.8 | UKN | 37.4 |
| Bagshaw et al. [17, 18] | 120,123 | Multi | Sepsis | RIFLE versus AKIN | 36.1 37.1 |
Hospital | RIFLE: 24.2 AKIN: 24.5 |
| Kim et al. [19] | 291 | Single | Severe sepsis/ Septic shock |
RIFLE versus AKIN | RIFLE: 62.9 AKIN: 65.6 |
28 days | RIFLE: 58.5 AKIN: 57.6 |
| Lopes et al. [20] | 182 | Single | Sepsis | RIFLE | 37.4 | NS | 37.4 |
| Lerolle et al. [21] | 35 | Single | Septic shock | RIFLE | 65.8 | 28 days | 62.8 |
| Coca et al. [22] | 304 | Single | Burn | RIFLE | 26.6 | NS | 7.6 |
| Lopes et al. [23] | 126 | Single | Burn | RIFLE | 35.7 | NS | 17.5 |
| Palmieri et al. [24] | 60 | Single | Burn | RIFLE | 53.3 | UKN | 34.4 |
| Bagshaw et al. [25] | 9449 | Multi | Trauma | RIFLE | 18.1 | Hospital | 16.7 |
| Costantini et al. [26] | 571 | Single | Trauma | AKIN | 29.8 | Hospital | 15.9 |
| Gomes et al. [27] | 436 | Single | Trauma | RIFLE | 50 | ICU Hospital |
8.2 10.8 |
| Lin et al. [28] | 46 | Single | ECMO | RIFLE | 78 | Hospital | 60.9 |
| Englberger et al. [29] | 951 | Single | Tricuspid valve surgery | RIFLE | 30 | 30 days | 5.5 |
| Englberger et al. [30] | 851 | Single | Thoracic aortic surgery | RIFLE | 17.7 | 30 days | 1.3 |
| Kuitunen et al. [31] | 813 | Single | Cardiac surgery | RIFLE | 19.3 | 90 days | 3.2 |
| Kramer et al. [32] | 668 | Multi | Cardiac surgery | AKIN | Surgery: 33.7 Cath + surgery: 50.2 |
NS | NS |
| Yan et al. [33] | 509 | Single | Cardiac surgery | RIFLE | 32.8 | Hospital | 4.3 |
| Mariscalo et al. [34] | 414 | Multi | Aortic root repair | RIFLE | 16.7 | Hospital | 2.7 |
| Roh et al. [35] | 98 | Single | Thoracic aorta graft placement | RIFLE | 54 | 30 days | 5.1 |
| Machado et al. [36] | 817 | Single | CP bypass | RIFLE | 48.5 | 30 days | 12.6 |
| Sirvinskas et al. [37] | 179 | Single | CP bypass | RIFLE | 10.6 | NS | NR |
| O'Riordan et al. [38] | 300 | Multi | OLT | RIFLE | 36.8 | NS | NS |
| Biagioni et al. [39] | 144 | Single | OLT versus NEAS | RIFLE | OLT: 29 NEAS: 47 |
ICU | OLT: 29 NEAS: 51 |
| Guitard et al. [40] | 97 | Single | OLT | RIFLE | 63.8 | UKN | UKN |
| Medve and Gondos [13] | 295 | Multi | Major noncardiac surgery | AKIN | 18.1 | ICU | 33.3 |
| Tallgren et al. [41] | 69 | Single | Elective infra-renal AAA surgery | RIFLE | 22 | Hospital | 1.4 |
| Hoste et al. [42] | 787 | Single | CIN | UKN | 16.3 | 28 days 1 year |
13.1 35.9 |
| Lakhal et al. [43] | 299 | Single | CIN | AKIN | 14 | ICU | 18 |
| Rashid et al. [44] | 139 | Single | CIN | RIFLE | 11.5 | ICU | 31 |
| Valette et al. [45] | 101 | Single | CIN/Surgical | RIFLE versus AKIN | RIFLE: 19 AKIN: 19 |
ICU | RIFLE: 26.3 AKIN: 31.6 |
| Chua et al. [46] | 105 | Single | ROSC following cardiac arrest | RIFLE | PRCS: 51.7 No PRCS: 6.4 |
ICU | PCRS: 46.6 No PCRS: 27.7 |
| Hospital | PCRS: 51.7 No PCRS: 34 |
||||||
| Cholongitas et al. [47] | 412 | Single | Cirrhosis | RIFLE | 50 | 6 weeks | 61.2 |
| Hata et al. [48] | 376 | Single | ADHF | RIFLE | 73.1 | Hospital | 10.5 |
| Martin-Leoches et al. [49] | 661 | Multi | H1N1 | AKIN | 17.7 | ICU | 44.1 |
| Jung et al. [50] | 221 | Multi | H1N1 | RIFLE | 22.6 | 30 days | 17.2 |
| Nin et al. [51] | 84 | Multi | H1N1 | RIFLE | 51 | 28 days | 51.2 |
| Abdulkader et al. [52] | 47 | Single | H1N1 | RIFLE | 53 | Hospital | 19.1 |
| Chacko et al. [53] | 31 | Single | H1N1 | RIFLE | 3.2 | 28 days | 16.1 |
Mixed: combined medical and surgical patients. RRT: renal replacement therapy. ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. OLT: orthotopic liver transplant. NEAS: non-emergent abdominal surgery. CP: cardiopulmonary. NS: not specified. UKN: unable to determine due to inability to access source. AAA: abdominal aortic aneurysm. CIN: contrast-induced nephropathy. ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation. PRCS: post-resuscitation cardiogenic shock. ADHF: acute decompensated heart failure.