Figure 1.
A proposed model for PDGF-D signaling pathway that controls the processes of EMT. PDGF-D triggers EMT through regulation of mTOR, Notch, NF-κB, CXCR4, Bcl-2 and microRNAs. Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CXCR4: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; EMT: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B. PDGF-D: Platelet-derived growth factor-D; S6K: p70 S6 ribosomal kinase; 4E-BP1: the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1.