Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, Psychosocial and Social Support Characteristics by Race
| Characteristic | White (n=514) | African-American (n=285) | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Demographic Characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| Age, mean (SD) years | 64.54 (9.39) | 58.68 (8.13) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Sex, n (%) Female | 302 (58.8) | 207 (72.6) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| ≤High School or GED | 200 (39.1) | 170 (60.1) | |
| Post-Secondary Trainingb, Associates/Bachelors Degree | 194 (38.0) | 98 (34.6) | |
| Graduate Degree | 117 (22.9) | 15 (5.3) | |
|
| |||
| Income, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <$10000 | 32 (6.9) | 84 (31.7) | |
| $10000–$19999 | 72 (15.6) | 83 (31.3) | |
| $20000–$29999 | 75 (16.2) | 35 (13.2) | |
| $30000–$39999 | 50 (10.8) | 17 (6.4) | |
| $40000–$49999 | 51 (11.0) | 12 (4.5) | |
| ≥$50000 | 183 (39.5) | 34 (12.8) | |
|
| |||
| Employment Status, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Full Time | 145 (28.4) | 70 (24.6) | |
| Part Time | 51 (10.0) | 23 (8.1) | |
| Unemployed | 36 (7.0) | 46 (16.2) | |
| Disabled | 53 (10.4) | 81 (28.5) | |
| Retired | 226 (44.2) | 64 (22.5) | |
|
| |||
| Health Insurancec, n (%) | |||
| Medicare | 225 (46.2) | 98 (35.5) | 0.004 |
| Medicaid | 53 (11.2) | 63 (22.9) | <0.001 |
| HMO or Private/Group | 381 (77.6) | 161 (57.7) | <0.001 |
| No Insurance | 12 (2.6) | 21 (7.7) | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Recruitment Site, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Non-VA | 467 (90.9) | 278 (97.5) | |
| VA | 47 (9.1) | 7 (2.5) | |
|
| |||
| Clinical Characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| # Comorbidities, mean (SD) | 3.22 (1.71) | 3.56 (1.69) | 0.007 |
|
| |||
| WOMAC, mean (SD) | 42.98 (15.27) | 53.98 (15.10) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Psychosocial Characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| PHQ-9 Depression, mean (SD) | 4.77 (4.67) | 6.63 (5.5) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| SF-12 Physical Health, mean (SD) | 38.50 (11.01) | 36.25 (10.00) | 0.004 |
|
| |||
| SF-12 Mental Health, mean (SD) | 53.58 (8.96) | 48.80 (10.91) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Social Support Measures | |||
|
| |||
| Currently Married, n (%) | 275 (53.5) | 65 (22.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Household Composition, n (%) | |||
| Lives Alone | 172 (33.5) | 142 (49.8) | <0.001 |
| Lives with Spouse/Significant Other | 284 (55.3) | 62 (21.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Other d | 96 (18.7) | 94 (33.0) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| # Close friends/relatives, n (%) | 10.31 (13.13) | 7.52 (8.88) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| MOS Social Support, mean (SD) | 15.17 (4.79) | 13.44 (5.26) | <0.001 |
a
Pearson Chi-Square or t-test p-value
b
Certificate program or vocational training
c
Individuals may be included in multiple categories
d
Lives with child, other relative or non-relative
MOS=Medical Outcomes Study; PHQ-9=Patient Health Questionnaire; SF= MOS 12-Item Short Form Health Survey; WOMAC=Western Ontario McMaster Instrument