Table 2. Diabetes in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in total subjects, males and females separately, and by duration of diabetes prior to baseline interivew, Singapore Chinese Health Study 1993–2010.
| Total number N (%) | HCC cases | HR (95% CI)a | HR (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All | ||||
| Non-diabetics | 55 852 (91.1) | 412 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Diabetics |
5469 (8.9) |
87 |
2.64 (2.09–3.33) |
2.14 (1.69–2.71) |
|
Men | ||||
| Non-diabetics | 24 933 (91.4) | 303 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Diabetics |
2360 (8.6) |
58 |
2.51 (1.89–3.32) |
2.11 (1.58–2.81) |
|
Women | ||||
| Non-diabetics | 30 919 (90.9) | 109 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Diabetics |
3109 (9.1) |
29 |
3.27 (2.17–4.92) |
2.14 (1.41–3.25) |
|
Number of years of diabetes diagnosed prior to baseline interview | ||||
| Non-diabetics | 55 852 (91.1) | 412 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| <5 years | 2139 (3.5) | 39 | 2.80 (2.01–3.89) | 2.41 (1.73–3.35) |
| 5–10 years | 1341 (2.2) | 21 | 2.53 (1.63–3.92) | 2.14 (1.38–3.33) |
| ⩾10 years | 1989 (3.2) | 27 | 2.52 (1.7–3.71) | 1.84 (1.24–2.72) |
a
Crude hazard ratio.
b
Adjusted for age, year of recruitment, gender, dialect group, level of education, cigarette smoking status, alcohol intake frequency, body mass index, and consumption of coffee and tea; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.