Table 3. HBV and HCV serology in relation to risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, Singapore Chinese Health Study (reproduced with permission from British Journal of Cancer).
| HBV/HCV serology | Casesa (n=92) | Controlsa (n=274) | Odds ratiosb (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Negative on all four markers |
17 |
95 |
1.00 |
| Anti-HBs positive |
22 |
128 |
1.10 (0.54–2.22) |
| HBsAg positive |
36 |
8 |
24.79 (8.61–71.34) |
| Anti-HBc positive, but anti-HBs negative |
16 |
43 |
2.01 (0.92–4.39) |
| HBsAg positive or anti-HBc positive, but anti-HBs negative (HBV positive) |
52 |
51 |
5.34 (2.44–11.67) |
| Anti-HCV positive | 5 | 3 | 10.12 (2.19–46.80) |
Reproduced with the kind permission of NPG from Koh et al, (2011).
Abbreviation: anti-HBc, antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen; anti-HBs, antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HCV, antibodies to hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus.
a
The sum of cases and controls across all categories of HBV/HCV serology was greater than the total number of subjects as these serology groups were not mutually exclusive.
b
Odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression models with further adjustment for the level of education (no formal education, primary, secondary or higher); CI, confidence interval.