Fig 3.

Percentage increase (mean ± standard deviation) in cytotoxicity of docetaxel (A), doxorubicin (B), and cyclophosphamide (C) against the human brain-metastasized breast cancer MDA-MB-361 cells at different concentrations alone (solid squares), in combination with 1 µM S1P (solid diamonds), or in combination with 10 µM S1P (solid triangles). The cytotoxicity was measured 18 h after exposure. Treatment with ethanol (for docetaxel and cyclophosphamide) or 50% water/ethanol (for doxorubicin) was used as negative control. Data were obtained from three independent experiments, each of which was carried out in triplicate.