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. 2013 Apr 5;9(4):331–342. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.6022

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Phylogenetic trees of the known insect chitin synthases. (A) Tree of the known chitin synthases. (B) Tree of the alternative exons of insect CHS1s. The tree was constructed with MEGA 5.04 using the neighbor-joining method. Bootstrap support values are indicated on branches. The following insect chitin synthases sequences were used: Aedes aegypti (Aa), Anopheles gambiae (Ag), Apis mellifera (Am), Culex quinquefasciatus (Cq), Drosophila melanogaster (Dm), Daphnia pulex (Dp), Ectropis oblique Prout (Eo), Lucilia cuprina (Lc), Locusta migratoria manilensis (Lm), Laodelphax striatella (Ls), Manduca sexta (MS), Ostrinia furnacalis (Of), Pediculus humanus corporis (Ph), Plutella xylostella (Px), Spodoptera exigua (Se), Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf), Tribolium castaneum (Tc). GenBank ID are as follows: AaCHS1 (XP_001651163), AaCHS2 (EAT46081), AgCHS1a (XP_321336.5), AgCHS1b (XP_321336.4), AmCHS1 (XP_395677), AmCHS2 (XP_001121152), CqCHS1 (XP_001866798), CqCHS2 (XP_001864594), DmCHS1 (NM_079509), DmCHS2 (NM_079485), DpCHS2 (EFX80669), EoCHS1a (ACA50098), EoCHS1b (ACD10533), LcCHS1 (AF221067), LmCHS1a (GU067730), LmCHS1b (GU067731), LsCHS1a (JQ040012), LsCHS1b (JQ040011), MsCHS1 (AY062175), MsCHS2 (AY82156), OfCHS2 (ABB97082), PhCHS2 (XP_002423604), PxCHS1a (AB271784), PxCHS1b (AB281490), SeCHS1 (DQ062153), SeCHS2 (EU622827), SfCHS2 (AY525599), TcCHS1a (AY291475), TcCHS1b (AY291476), and TcCHS2 (AY291477).