FIG. 40.

Graphical summary of some of the mechanisms involved in pathways related to cancer. MAPK/ERK signaling is inhibited by quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and enhanced by PCA and quercetin-3′-O-sulfate. JNK activity is reduced by urolithin A and increased by protocatechuic acid. Pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene) inhibits EphA2 kinase activation, interfering with ephrinA1 binding (see also Fig. 39). Arrows identify activation interactions, whereas truncated lines classify inhibition interactions. Dotted lines are used to simplify transduction pathways. ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. (To see this illustration in color the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars.)