Table 4.

Prostate and pancreas publication characteristics, estimated costs, and effectiveness.

Reference	Country	Publication year	Type of study	Procedures compared	Perspective	Cost types	Local currency	Procedures cost per patient	Effectiveness	ICER/ICUR/Cost analysis results
Parthan et al. (2012)	USA	2012	Cost-utility	SBRT IMRT PT	Healthcare Payer/Societal	Direct/Direct plus indirect	USD	Healthcare Payer: SBRT: $24,873; IMRT: $33,068; PT: $69,094 Societal: SBRT: $25,097; IMRT: $35,088; PT: $71,339	SBRT: 8.11 QALY IMRT: 8.05 QALY PT: 8.17 QALY	SBRT dominates from both payer and societal perspectives
Hodges et al. (2012)	USA	2012	Cost-utility	SBRT IMRT	Healthcare Payer	Direct	USD	SBRT: $22,152 IMRT: $35,431	SBRT: 7.9 QALY IMRT: 7.9 QALY	SBRT is cost saving
Murphy et al. (2012)	USA	2012	Cost-utility	Gemcitabine alone Gemcitabine plus RT Gemcitabine plus IMRT Gemcitabine plus SBRT	Healthcare Payer	Direct	USD	Gemcitabine alone: $42,900 Gemcitabine plus RT: $59,900 Gemcitabine plus IMRT: $69 Gemcitabine plus SBRT: $ 56,700	Gemcitabine alone: 0.581 QALY Gemcitabine plus RT: 0.714 QALY Gemcitabine plus IMRT: 0.721 QALY Gemcitabine plus SBRT: 0.778 QALY	Gem. plus SBRT vs. Gem. alone: $69,500/QALY Gem. plus RT vs. Gem. alone: $126,800/QALY Gem. plus IMRT vs. Gem. plus RT: $1,584,100/QALY Gem. plus SBRT dominates both Gem. plus RT and Gem. plus IMRT

RT, radiation therapy; SBRT, stereotactic body radiation therapy; PT, proton therapy; IMRT, intensity modulated radiation therapy; Gem, gemcitabine; USD, United States dollar; QALY, quality adjusted life years; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; ICUR, incremental cost-utility ratio.