(A) Electronic interactions between Car S1 and Chl, , in proteoliposomes. LHC-II in detergent solution was used as a control. All measurements were performed at pH 7.5. (B) Linear correlation between and fluorescence quenching (NPQ) in proteoliposomes. NPQ was calculated according to Eq. 2, with pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorescence corrected for scattering as detailed in Table S1. Fluorescence of LHC-II in liposomes was set as Fm, and the respective was set as 1. Two independent sets (set 1, black; set 2, red) of proteoliposomes were measured.