Table 1.
Clinical Electocardiographic, Angiographic, Intravascular ultrasound and MRI Findings
| All Patients (n=50) | Plaque Disruption (n=16) | No Plaque Disruption (n=26) | p | LGE (n=17) | No LGE (n=27) | p | STE (n=11) | No STE (n=39) | p | Abnormal T2 (n=17) | Normal T2 (n=15) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean±SD) | 56.9±12.8 | 60.9±11.4 | 53.5±13.7 | 0.07 | 55.4±14.3 | 57.3±12.7 | 0.65 | 52.5±14.7 | 58.2±12.0 | 0.26 | 59.5±14.1 | 52.0±12.4 | 0.12 |
| Troponin, ng/mL (median, IQR) | 1.60 (0.44-4.31) | 1.49 (0.53,2.71) | 0.96 (0.14,4.13) | 0.75 | 3.13 (1.90,40.3) | 1.10 (0.37,1.98) | 0.01 | 1.40 (2.20,4.55) | 1.32 (0.16, 4.13) | 0.32 | 5.97(1.96, 11.0) | 0.66(0.16, 1.30) | <0.001 |
| HTN (%) | 30(60%) | 8(50%) | 17(65%) | 0.35 | 15(88%) | 16(59%) | 0.05 | 8(73%) | 22(56%) | 0.47 | 12(71%) | 12(80%) | 0.61 |
| DM (%) | 16(32%) | 7(44%) | 8(31%) | 0.35 | 6(35%) | 8(30%) | 0.75 | 3(27%) | 14(36%) | 0.17 | 6(35%) | 6(40%) | 0.99 |
| Prior MI (%) | 6(12%) | 1(6%) | 4(15%) | 0.69 | 2(12%) | 4(15%) | 0.73 | 2(18%) | 4(10%) | 0.85 | 3(18%) | 2(13%) | 0.99 |
| Smoking (%) | 9(18%) | 3(19%) | 7(27%) | 0.54 | 4 24%) | 4(15%) | 0.69 | 2(18%) | 8(21%) | 0.80 | 3(18%) | 2(13%) | 0.99 |
| BMI (median, IQR) | 26.2 (24.4,28.4) | 27.6 (24.3,33.7) | 0.52 | 27.4 (24,28.8) | 26.4 (26.4,30.7) | 0.78 | 25.1 (23.1,27.3) | 27.0 (24.4, 31.4) | 0.11 | 27.1 (24.8,28.1) | 31.4 (25.4,36.3) | 0.15 | |
| ECG Findings | |||||||||||||
| ST Elevation | 11(22%) | 2(13%) | 4(15%) | 5(29%) | 5(19%) | 0.47 | 11(100%) | 0(0%) | - | 4(24%) | 3(20%) | 0.99 | |
| ST Depression | 7(14%) | 2(13%) | 2(8%) | 0.63 | 0(0%) | 3(11%) | 0.23 | 0(0%) | 4(11%) | 0.56 | 1(6%) | 2(13%) | 0.59 |
| T Wave inversion | 22(44%) | 10(63%) | 10(38%) | 0.19 | 7(41%) | 14(52%) | 0.36 | 5(45%) | 17(44%) | 0.42 | 9(53%) | 4(27%) | 0.14 |
| LV Wall Motion | |||||||||||||
| Any abnormal segment | 26(52%) | 7(44%) | 14(54%) | 0.79 | 6(35%) | 7(26%) | 0.05 | 4(29%) | 20(52%) | 0.51 | 13(77%) | 5(33%) | 0.03 |
| LVEF (median, IQR) | 60(43,63) | 56(49,62) | 60(55,62) | 0.66 | 55(42,60) | 60(48,65) | 0.57 | 55(38,60) | 60(48,64) | 0.17 | 55(45,60) | 64(55,68) | 0.06 |
| Cath findings | |||||||||||||
| Worst % angiographic stenosis (median, IQR) | 20(0,40) | 40(30,45) | 0(0,20) | <0.001 | 15(0,30) | 30(0,40) | 0.16 | 30 (0,45) | 20 (0,37.5) | 0.47 | 30(15,40) | 10(0,30) | 0.10 |
| Absence of atherosclerosis | 15(30%) | 0(0%) | 13(50%) | 6(18%) | 6(22%) | 0.28 | 4(36%) | 11(28%) | 0.73 | 7(41%) | 11(73%) | 0.09 | |
| IVUS Findings | N=42 | N=42 | N=36 | N=42 | N=25 | ||||||||
| Plaque Disruption | 16(38%) | - | - | - | 1(6%) | 13(48%) | 0.003 | 2(13%) | 12(34%) | 0.13 | 6(43%) | 2(17%) | 0.20 |
| CMR findings | N=44 | N=36 | N=44 | N=44 | N=32 | ||||||||
| LGE (any) LGE type | 17(39%) | 1(7%) | 11(50%) | 0.03 | 17(39%) | 27(61%) | - | 7(47%) | 15(43%) | 0.80 | 8(47%) | 4(27%) | 0.29 |
| Transmural | 9 | 1 | 6 | 0.32 | 9 | 0 | - | 5 | 3 | 0.01 | 4 | 3 | 0.99 |
| Subendocardial | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | 1 | 0 | 1.0 | 0 | 1 | 0.49 |
| Centromyocardial | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.67 | 2 | 0 | - | 0 | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0.99 |
| Subepicardial | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | 0 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0.99 |
| “Mixed” pattern | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0.70 | 4 | 0 | - | 1 | 3 | 0.99 | 2 | 0 | 0.49 |
| T2 signal hyperintensity | N=32 | N=25 | N=32 | N=32 | |||||||||
| Present | 17(53%) | 6(75%) | 7(41%) | 0.20 | 8(67%) | 9(45%) | 0.29 | 4(57%) | 13(52%) | 1 | - | - | - |
| Absent | 15(47%) | 2(25%) | 10(59%) | 4(33%) | 11(55%) | 3(43%) | 12(48%) | - | - | - | |||
| Timing of Procedures | N=50 | N=16 | N=26 | N=17 | N=27 | N=11 | N=39 | N=17 | N=15 | ||||
| MI to IVUS (days) | 2(1,2) | 3.5(1,5) | 2(1,4) | 0.18 | 2(1,3.5) | 2.5(1,5) | 0.54 | 1(1,1) | 2(1,5) | 0.01 | 2(1,5) | 2(1,5) | 0.86 |
| MI to CMR (days) | 6(4,8) | 6(4,7) | 6(2,11) | 0.74 | 6.5(3,10) | 6(3,7) | 0.41 | 4(3,6) | 6(3,8) | 0.25 | 6.5(4 9) | 6(4.5,9) | 0.54 |
BMI=body mass index; ECG=electrocardiogram; LV=left ventricle; LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction; CMR=cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; DM=diabetes mellitus; HTN=hypertension; IQR=interquartile range; IVUS=intravascular ultrasound; LGE=late gadolinium enhancement; MI=myocardial infarction