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. 2013 May 22;280(1759):20122987. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2987

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© 2013 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 2. — G-protein coupling of melanopsins from other species. G_q_/11 assays showed robust calcium-dependent increases in aequorin luminescence from mouse and amphioxus Opn4 (a) and chicken Opn4m and Opn4x (b). (c) Amphioxus and mouse Opn4 showed a small inhibition of forskolin (black arrow)-induced luminescence following light exposure (grey arrow) indicative of a minor G_i/o response. (d) Conversely, both chicken Opn4x and Opn4m cause an increase in cAMP reporter luminescence following forskolin and light exposure. (e) This light-dependent increase in cAMP production (indicative of G_s coupling) is also measurable when no forskolin is first added. All plots show mean ± s.e.m.; n = ≥ 3. (f) The maximum difference in cAMP reporter luminescence before and after light exposure is significantly greater in Opn4m but not Opn4x expressing cells compared with when no opsin is expressed (Mann Whitney test *p < 0.05). Mean ± s.e.m., n = 4.