Table 4.

—Proposed Methods to Reduce Lung Cancer Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With HIV Infection

Intervention	Rationale
Smoking cessation	Encourage smoking cessation and refer to smoking cessation programs using the five-step approach.55
Early detection	Have a high clinical suspicion of lung cancer in smokers with HIV.
	Consider thoracic CT scans in patients at high risk of lung cancer (eg, ≥ 30 pack-y smoking history, family history of lung cancer, detection of emphysema on CT scan or small pulmonary nodules on previous CT scans, COPD).56,57
cART therapy	Consider initiating cART therapy earlier and maintaining CD4 counts ≥ 500 cells/μL.58
Improve performance status	Encourage proper nutrition and exercise.
	Monitor for and treat complications of HIV infections.
Follow-up	Schedule regular follow-up and laboratory monitoring to ensure that patients adhere to cART therapy.

See Table 1 legend for expansion of abbreviation.