Table I.
Studies included in review of the efficacy of IUDs for emergency contraception over 35 years, in order of publication.
| Study | Country | IUD type | Max. time to insertion (days) | Enrolled (n) | Efficacy population (n) | Pregnancies (n) | Pregnancy rate (%) (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gottardi et al. (1979)b | Italy | Cu T-200 | 2 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 (0–6.0) |
| Lippes et al. (1979)b | USA | Cu T-200, Cu 7 | 7 | 299 | 299 | 0 | 0 (0–1.2) |
| Tyrer (1980)b | USA | Cu 7 | 5 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 (0–4.5) |
| Black et al. (1980)b | UK | Cu 7, Lippes Loop D | 10 | 191 | 176 | 0 | 0 (0–2.1) |
| Van Santen and Haspels (1981)b | Netherlands | MLCu-250, Cu 7, Cu T-200 | 5 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 0 (0–6.5) |
| Goldstuck (1983)b | UK | Cu 7, Cu 7 Mini, Cu T, MLCu 250, MLCu 250 short | 10+ | 71 | 64 | 0 | 0 (0–5.6) |
| Guillebaud et al. (1983)b | UK | Cu 7, Lippes Loop | 5 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 0 (0–4.2) |
| Gottardi et al. (1986)b | Italy | Cu T-200, Cu 7, Cu 7 Mini, MLCu-250 | 7 | 98 | 91 | 0 | 0 (0–4.0) |
| Luerti et al. (1986)b | Italy | MLCu-250, Cu 7, Cu T | 7 | 117 | 102 | 0 | 0 (0–3.6) |
| Askalani et al. (1987)b | Egypt | Cu T-200 | 4 | 200 | 200 | 4 | 2.0 (0.5–5.0) |
| Yang et al. (1997) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 (0–11.6) |
| Li et al. (1999) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 0 (0–3.6) |
| Zhang et al. (1999) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 (0–3.6) |
| Lu (2000) | China | Copper IUD (unspecified) | 5 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 (0–12.3) |
| Tian (2000) | China | Copper IUD (unspecified) | 5 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 (0–4.5) |
| Li et al. (2001) | China | Cu T-380A | 5 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 0 (0–3.8) |
| Zhao et al. (2001) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 98 | 98 | 1 | 1.0 (0.0–5.6) |
| Zhou and Xiao (2001)b | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5+ | 1013 | 998 | 1 | 0.1 (0.0–0.6) |
| Liu and Chen (2002a,b) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 80 | 80 | 1 | 1.2 (0.0–6.8) |
| Liu and Chen (2002a,b) | China | Copper IUD (unspecified) | 3 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 0 (0–3.8) |
| Sun et al. (2003) | China | GyneFix | 5 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 (0–4.2) |
| D'Souza et al. (2003)b | UK | GyneFix, Gyne-T 380S | Unspecified | 173 | 169 | 0 | 0 (0–2.2) |
| Tang et al. (2003) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 98 | 98 | 1 | 1.0 (0.0–5.6) |
| Wang and Jiang (2003) | China | Copper IUD (unspecified) | 5 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 (0–4.2) |
| Zhao and Wang (2004) | China | Cu T-220 | 5 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 0 (0–3.4) |
| Hou (2005) | China | Nova T-380 | 5 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 (0–3.6) |
| Li et al. (2005) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 0 (0–2.4) |
| Wen (2005) | China | Cu T-380A | 5 | 218 | 218 | 1 | 0.5 (0.0–2.5) |
| Wang et al. (2006) | China | Cu T-380A | 5 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 0 (0–1.8) |
| Dong and Wu (2007) | China | Copper IUD (unspecified) | 5 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 0 (0–4.2) |
| Sheng and Zhang (2007) | China | Copper IUD (unspecified) | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 (0–12.8) |
| Song et al. (2007) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 0 (0–2.0) |
| Yang et al. (2008) | China | Cu T-380A | 5 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 (0–3.6) |
| Hong (2008) | China | GyneFix | 5 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 (0–3.6) |
| Ma et al. (2008) | China | MCu | 5 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 (0–13.2) |
| Yang et al. (2008) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 (0–4.2) |
| He (2009) | China | Copper IUD (unspecified), ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 0 (0–3.3) |
| Hong (2009) | China | Copper IUD (unspecified) | 5 | 70 | 70 | 0 | 0 (0–5.1) |
| Liu et al. (2010) | China | ML Cu-375 SL | 5 | 162 | 162 | 1 | 0.6 (0.0–3.4) |
| Turok et al. (2010)b | USA | Cu T-380A | 5 | 23 | 22 | 0 | 0 (0–15.4) |
| Wang (2010) | China | Copper IUD (unspecified) | 5 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 0 (0–8.8) |
| Wu et al. (2010)b | China | Cu T-380A | 5 | 1963 | 1893 | 0 | 0 (0–0.2) |
aWhere the pregnancy rate is zero, a one-sided 97.5% CI is calculated. Otherwise, a 95% exact binomial CI is calculated.
bIndicates publication in English; otherwise, studies were published in Chinese.