Depiction of three-way interaction of time, within-person child anger, and between-person child anger in predicting maternal negative emotion. Lines represent change over time for children whose anger at 18 months was higher, lower, or equal to the group average, and whose anger increased or decreased relative to their levels at 18 months. Maternal negative emotion total is sum of ratings for 9 negative emotions on a 1–5 scale. Child anger composite is the sum of standardized (z-scored) intensity, duration, and latency (reverse-scored) anger scores.