Figure 6. Effect of PI(4,5)P₂ on bacterial voltage-gated sodium channels.

(A–C) Time-dependent uptake of ²²Na⁺ into proteoliposomes containing 3∶1 POPE∶POPG (or PI in the case of NavSp) plus 1% PI(4,5)P₂ and full-length NaChBac, NavMs, or NavSp proteins, respectively. (D) Relative ²²Na⁺ uptake at 10 mins and 60 mins from the time course measurements in parts A–C indicate that NaChBac channels are unaffected by the presence of 1% PI(4,5)P₂, NavSp channels are approximately 50% inhibited by 1% PI(4,5)P₂ and NavMs channels have complex regulation by PI(4,5)P₂ (* P<0.05).