Comparison of the numbers of circulating antigen-specific plasmablasts (ASC) between 25 volunteers immunized with the parenteral Vi vaccine and 25 with the oral Ty21a vaccine. Plasmablasts were examined for specificity against the Vi, O-9,12, and H-d antigens, against Yersinia enterocolitica acting as a negative control and against whole-cell S. Typhi. The numbers of typhoid-specific plasmablasts are also indicated as a total of cells reactive with Vi, O-9,12 and H-d antigens. The dots represent results of individual vaccinees, and the lines the means of the numbers of Ig(A+G+M)-plasmablasts on day 7 after vaccination. The statistical comparisons (Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon signed rank test) between the strains in the two vaccination groups are indicated with asterisks (***p<0,001; **0.001<p<0.01, *p<0,05) above the bars. LOD = lower limit of detection of the response. No LOD values are given for Vi+O-9,12+ H-d, since this does not represent a result of the assay, but a calculated total value for three different antigens.