Table 1.
Results of face identity × emotion × group ANOVA by channel.
| Ch | Interactions |
|---|---|
| 1 | HbD: M > S for HRA group only |
| 2 | |
| 3 | |
| 4 | HbD: M > S for HRA group only |
| 5 | HbO: an interaction of Face Identity and Emotion in the LRC group showed greater HbO response to mother smiling than mother in the neutral condition as compared to the difference seen in the stranger condition. This effect was not significant in the HRA group |
| HbD: S > M for HRA group only | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | HbO: for LRC & E, M > S |
| HbD: HRA > LRC for M response, S > M for LRC only | |
| 8 | |
| 9 | HbO: M > S for LRC group only |
| 10 | |
| 11 | HbD: smiling was associated with a reduced HbD response for both mother and stranger in the HRA and LRC groups. There was an interaction effect of Face Identity and Emotion present only in the LRC group, and HbD responses to mother smiling were less in the LRC group than in the HRA group |
| 12 | |
| 13 | |
| 14 | |
| 15 | |
| 16 | HbO: M > S for LRC group only |
| HbD: M > S for HRA group only | |
| 17 | |
| 18 | |
| 19 | HbO: an interaction of Face Identity and Emotion in the LRC group showed greater HbO response to mother smiling than mother in the neutral condition. The opposite effect was true of the HRA group, in which HbO response to mother in the neutral condition was greater than to mother in the smiling condition |
| HbD: S > M for LRC group only | |
| 20 | |
| 21 | HbD: S > M for LRC group only |
| HbD responses to mother in the neutral condition were greater for the HRA group than for the LRC group. An interaction effect in which the effect of the smiling condition reduced the HbD response to mother’s face was only seen in the HRA group | |
| 22 | HbO: for LRC, M > S |
| 23 | HbD: M > S for HRA group only |
| HbD responses to mother in the neutral condition were greater for the HRA group than for the LRC group. An interaction effect in which the effect of the smiling condition reduced the HbD response to mother’s face was only seen in the HRA group | |
| 24 | HbD: S > M for LRC only |
M, Mother; S, Stranger, E, Emotion; N, Neutral; HRA, High-Risk Autism; LRC, Low-risk Control; HbO, oxy-hemoglobin; HbD, deoxy-hemoglobin; m, difference in population marginal means with corresponding 95% confidence intervals, Tukey’s HSD used for correction for multiple comparisons. Note that interactions are described by magnitude of the response regardless of direction. Bonferroni correction was employed for correction of comparisons across channels.