Changes of pericardia after completing all of the processing (1–12). (a) The color of the pericardium changed to white (EDC/NHS group), ivory-yellow (GA group), or blue-black (genipin groups). (b) After space filler groups (Jeffamine, 0.34±0.03; acryl, 0.27±0.05; PEG, 0.29±0.03) processing most tissues become thicker than the previous (each group, n=10), excepting the GA groups (decellularized only, 0.38±0.06). All data represent mean±SEM.