Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Population
| Controls (n=32) | HIV Positive (n=78) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 45.4 ± 7.2 | 46.5 ± 6.5 | 0.44 |
| Race, % | 0.17 | ||
| White | 59 | 68 | |
| Black | 19 | 18 | |
| Asian | 9 | 1 | |
| Hispanic | 3 | 9 | |
| Native American | 6 | 4 | |
| Metabolic syndrome by NCEP criteria, % | 11 | 19 | 0.28 |
| Framingham risk score | 7.0 ± 4.6 | 7.7 ± 5.1 | 0.50 |
| Hypertension, % | 16 | 29 | 0.14 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 3 | 9 | 0.23 |
| HIV Disease Related Parameters | |||
| Duration since HIV diagnosis, y | N/A | 13.5 ± 6.1 | N/A |
| Ever on antiretroviral therapy, % | N/A | 95 | N/A |
| Currently on antiretroviral therapy, % | N/A | 95 | N/A |
| Duration of antiretroviral therapy, y | N/A | 7.1 ± 4.6 | N/A |
| Current protease inhibitor (PI) treatment, % | N/A | 53 | N/A |
| Duration of PI treatment, y | N/A | 3.8 ± 4.2 | N/A |
| Current NRTI treatment, % | N/A | 91 | N/A |
| Duration of NRTI treatment, y | N/A | 6.8 ± 4.5 | N/A |
| Current NNRTI treatment, % | N/A | 49 | N/A |
| Duration of NNRTI treatment, y | N/A | 2.6 ± 3.5 | N/A |
| CD4+ T-lymphocytes (cells/mm3) | N/A | 523 ± 282 | N/A |
| HIV RNA viral load (copies/mL) | N/A | <50 (<50, <50) | N/A |
| Undetectable HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL, % | N/A | 81 | N/A |
| Body Composition parameters | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.9 ± 5.2 | 26.1 ± 4.3 | 0.43 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 96.1 ± 15.8 | 95.8 ± 13.5 | 0.91 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 102.1 ± 9.6 | 99.4 ± 8.5 | 0.15 |
| Total body fat, kg | 19.8 ± 11.4 | 17.7 ± 7.7 | 0.27 |
| Visceral adipose tissue area (VAT), cm2 | 149 ± 111 | 172 ± 121 | 0.35 |
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue area (SAT), cm2 | 212 ± 138 | 167 ± 98 | 0.06 |
| Epicardial fat volume, cm3 | 85 (58, 131) | 112 (82, 159) | 0.04 |
| Metabolic parameters | |||
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L (mg/dL) | 5.1 ± 0.5 (92 ± 9) | 5.2 ± 0.6 (94 ± 11) | 0.40 |
| 2-hr glucose, mmol/L (mg/dL) | 6.2 ± 2.3 (112 ± 41) | 6.8 ± 2.6 (123 ± 47) | 0.27 |
| Fasting insulin, μU/mL | 5.1 ± 3.6 | 8.2 ± 8.4 | 0.05 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Adipocytokines and Inflammatory Markers | |||
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 4.6 (3.5, 7.2) | 4.0 (2.1, 9.0) | 0.41 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 240 (195, 312) | 282 (192, 367) | 0.17 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.8 (0.6, 3.5) | 1.6 (0.7, 4.0) | 0.82 |
Data reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or percentage, except for variables with non-normal distributions, which are reported as median (interquartile range). NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program; NRTI, Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; NNRTI, Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.