Table 2.

Technical approaches to anonymize demographic and clinical information supplied to biorepositories

Approach	Privacy principle and data on which applied	Transformation method
El Emam and Dankar (2008)	k-anonymity and approximate k-map applied to demographics	Generalization and suppression
Benitez et al. (2010); Dankar and El Emam (2010)	Limit average re-identification risk when sharing demographics	Generalization
Loukides et al. (2010b)	k-based model applied to potentially distinguishing diagnosis codes	Generalization and suppression