Table 4.

Chi-Square Results for Gender and Sexual Identity Differences in Drug Dependence

Drug Type	Gender	Dichotomous Sex ID	Sex ID/Gender
	(Men vs. Women, df = 1)	(GLs vs. Bisexuals, df = 1)	(GM vs. BM vs. L vs. BW, df = 3)
Marijuana	χ² = 7.98^*	χ² = 10.75^***	χ² = 20.35^***
Dependence	φ = −.14 (small effect)	φ = .17 (small effect)	V = .23 (large effect)
Severe Marijuana	χ² = .39^ns	χ² = 7.02^*	χ² = 8.08^*
Dependence		φ = .14 (small effect)	V = .14 (medium effect)
Opiate	χ² = 1.39^ns	χ² = 3.08^*	χ² = 4.45^ns
Dependence		φ = .09 (small effect)
Severe Opiate	χ² = 1.22^ns	χ² = 2.32^ns	χ² = 6.48^ns
Dependence
Cocaine	χ² = .12^ns	χ² = 10.93^***	χ² = 12.81^**
Dependence		φ = .17 (small effect)	V = .18 (medium effect)
Severe Cocaine	χ² = .05^ns	χ² = 7.54^*	χ² = 9.06^*
Dependence		φ = .14 (small effect)	V = .15 (medium effect)

Note: n ranged from 387–388 in analyses. “GM” refers to gay men, “BM” refers to bisexual men, “L” refers to lesbians, and “BW” refers to bisexual women. The phi coefficient was reported for 2 by 2 tables and Cramer’s V was reported for tables larger than 2 by 2; effect size was interpreted using Cohen’s criteria (1988).

^ns

not significant,

p < .05,

^**

p < .01,

^***

p < .001.