FIG. 4.

Redox active Trx1 in nuclei is critical for Cd-induced cell death. Cells transfected with VC, NLS-wt Trx1, or NLS-dn Trx were exposed to Cd and analyzed for cell survival as described in Figure 2. Nuclei-targeted expressions of both WT and DN Trx1 were verified by immunofluorescence examination (A, top, the primary ab; myc for wt and dn Trx1, HA for NES-Trx1, the secondary ab; FITC-labeled ab for NLS-wt Trx1 and NES-Trx1, Cy3-labeled ab for NLS-dn Trx1). Expressions of WT and DN, and redox responsiveness of WT were examined by Western blotting and redox Western blotting (Go and Jones, 2009; Halvey et al., 2005), respectively. Cell survival affected by Cd was examined by WST-1 assay. Data represent the mean ± SE of eight determinations. *p < 0.05.