Table 3. Microbiological diagnoses.
| Age groups | ||||||
| <28 days | 28 days–<1 year | ≥1–<5 years | ≥5–<16 years | Total number | ||
| Number of children | 32 | 330 | 488 | 375 | 1225c | |
| Gram-positive bacteria | ||||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 3 | 3 | 11 | 20 | 37 (3.0%) | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 0 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 18 (1.5%) | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 (0.3%) | |
| Gram-negative bacteria | ||||||
| Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi | 0 | 1 | 6 | 15 | 22 (1.8%) | |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | 0 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 14 (1.1%) | |
| Escherichia coli | 1 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 13 (1.1%) | |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 0 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 9 (0.7%) | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 (0.5%) | |
| Neisseria meningitides | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 (0.3%) | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 (0.2%) | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 (0.2%) | |
| Non-typhoid Salmonella spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (<0.1%) | |
| Pantoea spp. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (<0.1%) | |
| Blood isolate of uncertain significance | 3 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 26 (2.1%) | |
| Cultured bacterial pathogens (blood, pus and CSF) excluding blood isolates of uncertain significance | 135 (11.0%) | |||||
| Rickettsioses and other bacteria | ||||||
| Orientia tsutsugamushi | 0 | 12 | 21 | 63 | 96 (7.8%) | |
| Rickettsia typhi | 0 | 4 | 8 | 15 | 27 (2.2%) | |
| Rickettsia of indeterminate species | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 11 (0.9%) | |
| Viruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 0 | 54 | 63 | 81 | 198 (16.2%) | |
| Japanese encephalitis virus | 0 | 29 | 27 | 15 | 71 (5.8%) | |
| Indeterminate flavivirus | 0 | 22 | 26 | 17 | 65 (5.3%) | |
| Parainfluenza virus 3 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 18 (1.5%) | |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 0 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 14 (1.1%) | |
| Influenza virus A/H1N1-pdm09 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 12 (1.0%) | |
| Parainfluenza virus 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 10 (0.7%) | |
| Enteroviruses (non-71) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 (0.7%) | |
| Influenza virus A/H3N2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 7 (0.6%) | |
| Influenza virus B | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 (0.4%) | |
| Parainfluenza virus 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 (0.2%) | |
| Influenza virus A/H1N1-1977 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (<0.1%) | |
| Herpes simplex virus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (<0.1%) | |
| Malaria | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum only | 0 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 14 (1.1%) | |
| P vivax only | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 (0.6%) | |
| P vivax and P falciparum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 (0.2%) | |
| Other | ||||||
| Leptospira spp | 0 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 17 (1.4%) | |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis a | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 (0.5%) | |
| Yeast (non-cryptococcal) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 (0.2%) | |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (<0.1%) | |
| Non-infectious cause of fever b | 17 (1.4%) | |||||
a
Ziehl-Neelsen stain only, no culture facilities available.
b
Non-infectious causes of fever included 11 episodes attributed to haematological malignancy, five episodes attributed to burns and one episode attributed to juvenile idiopathic arthritis.