Table 2. Comparison of the prevalence of adhesin genes among different groups of E. coli strains.

Adhesin genesa	Recurrent lower UTI, n = 28 (%)	Acute pyelonephritis, n = 17 (%)	Acute uncomplicated cystitis, n = 25 (%)	Total UPEC, n = 70 (%)	Commensal isolates, n = 41(%)	P value (Total UPEC vs Commensal)
afa	36b	0	0	14	0	<0.0001c
papG	18	71d	12	28	5	0.0025
flu	89	65	72	77	41	0.0002
fimH	86	82	88	86	73	0.1034
sfaD	4	12	8	7	0	0.0799
focG	0	12	0	3	0	0.2747
bmaE	4	6	4	4	5	0.8845
gafD	4	0	0	1	5	0.2794
csgA	21	24	44	30	34	0.6500
tsh	0	18	8	7	5	0.6357
yqi	21	35	28	27	7	0.0114
yadN	50	76	44	54	32	0.0212
ygiL	46	43	40	44	17	0.0035

^a, draE and daaE genes were not detected in any of the isolates.

^b, Compared to the other two UTI groups, P<0.0001;

^c. Recurrent lower UTI group compared to commensal isolates;

^d, Compared to the other two UTI groups, P<0.0001.