Table 2. Lifestyle factors and determinants of vitamin D status.
Variable | N (%) | Mean 25(OH)D† nmol/l | P-value‡ |
Sun protection factor use | |||
Never | 8 (10) | 59.7 | |
Occasionally | 54 (64) | 66.1 | |
Always | 22 (26) | 67.1 | 0.4 |
Sun preference | |||
Always in sun | 20 (26) | 67.5 | |
Both sun and shade | 57 (68) | 65.0 | |
Always in shade | 7 (8) | 66.6 | 0.8 |
Skin type | |||
I | 2 (2) | 67.6 | |
II | 15 (18) | 64.7 | |
III | 53 (63) | 65.1 | |
IV | 14 (17) | 69.2 | 0.6 |
Current estrogen contraceptive use | |||
No | 69 (82) | 63.9 | |
Yes | 15 (18) | 74.1 | 0.07 |
Recent travel to southern latitude § | |||
No | 61 (73) | 62.9 | |
Yes | 23 (27) | 73.3 | 0.03 |
Vitamin D supplement use | |||
<5 µg/day | 74 (88) | 63.9 | |
≥5 µg/day | 10 (12) | 79.6 | 0.02 |
Recent sunbed use ¶ | |||
No | 80 (95) | 64.9 | |
Yes | 4 (5) | 83.8 | 0.06 |
Season | |||
November–April | 48 (57) | 61.8 | |
May–October | 36 (43) | 71.0 | 0.035 |
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D;
Significance level attained from simple linear regression;
Within the last 6 months;
Within the last 30 days.