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. 2013 Apr 9;8(4):e60864. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060864

Table 2. Lifestyle factors and determinants of vitamin D status.

Variable N (%) Mean 25(OH)D nmol/l P-value
Sun protection factor use
Never 8 (10) 59.7
Occasionally 54 (64) 66.1
Always 22 (26) 67.1 0.4
Sun preference
Always in sun 20 (26) 67.5
Both sun and shade 57 (68) 65.0
Always in shade 7 (8) 66.6 0.8
Skin type
I 2 (2) 67.6
II 15 (18) 64.7
III 53 (63) 65.1
IV 14 (17) 69.2 0.6
Current estrogen contraceptive use
No 69 (82) 63.9
Yes 15 (18) 74.1 0.07
Recent travel to southern latitude §
No 61 (73) 62.9
Yes 23 (27) 73.3 0.03
Vitamin D supplement use
<5 µg/day 74 (88) 63.9
≥5 µg/day 10 (12) 79.6 0.02
Recent sunbed use
No 80 (95) 64.9
Yes 4 (5) 83.8 0.06
Season
November–April 48 (57) 61.8
May–October 36 (43) 71.0 0.035

25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D;

Significance level attained from simple linear regression;

§

Within the last 6 months;

Within the last 30 days.