Table 4. Immunologic, Virologic, Inflammatory, Coagulation, Metabolic, and Pentoxifylline Concentration Levels during the Trial.
| Characteristic | Placebo | Pentoxifylline | P-value1 |
| CD4 cell count/µL | |||
| Baseline | 583 (175) | 524 (165) | 0.39 |
| Week 4 | 534 (206) | 601 (269) | 0.52 |
| Week 8 | 526 (165) | 494 (208) | 0.72 |
| CD3+CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+proportions (%) | |||
| Baseline | 36 (19) | 39 (15) | 0.69 |
| Week 8 | 36 (19) | 41 (17) | 0.52 |
| HIV-1 RNA, log10copies/mL | |||
| Baseline | 4.0 (1.2) | 4.0 (0.7) | 0.88 |
| Week 4 | 3.9 (1.1) | 4.0 (4.5) | 0.72 |
| Week 8 | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (0.8) | 0.87 |
| hsCRP, log10mg/L | |||
| Baseline | 0.27 (0.41) | 0.25 (0.57) | 0.95 |
| Week 4 | 0.36 (0.57) | 0.37 (0.80) | 0.74 |
| Week 8 | −0.01 (0.45) | 0.15 (0.81) | 0.58 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | |||
| Baseline | 1.91 (1.53) | 2.61 (2.59) | 0.41 |
| Week 4 | 3.44 (6.52) | 2.91 (2.45) | 0.79 |
| Week 8 | 1.7 (1.55) | 5.26 (10.2) | 0.30 |
| TIMP-1, ng/ml | |||
| Baseline | 99 (17) | 117 (35) | 0.12 |
| Week 4 | 98 (20) | 112 (31) | 0.21 |
| Week 8 | 91 (14) | 109 (25) | 0.06 |
| sVCAM-1, ng/mL | |||
| Baseline | 1037 (399) | 1108 (273) | 0.60 |
| Week 4 | 1081 (419) | 1156 (283) | 0.6 |
| Week 8 | 1098 (462) | 1130 (281) | 0.84 |
| sTNFRI, pg/mL | |||
| Baseline | 1125 (249) | 851 (379) | 0.04 |
| Week 4 | 1047 (244) | 805 (298) | 0.04 |
| Week 8 | 1042 (205) | 805 (298) | 0.12 |
| sTNFRII, pg/mL | |||
| Baseline | 7239 (2606) | 7736 (2141) | 0.60 |
| Week 4 | 7163 (2106) | 7762 (2562) | 0.54 |
| Week 8 | 7455 (2405) | 7549 (1945) | 0.92 |
| MCP-1, pg/mL | |||
| Baseline | 237 (75) | 202 (76) | 0.24 |
| Week 4 | 193 (55) | 205 (100) | 0.71 |
| Week 8 | 217 (55) | 207 (106) | 0.80 |
| IP-10, pg/mL | |||
| Baseline | 432 (330) | 552 (331) | 0.36 |
| Week 4 | 386 (283) | 528 (324) | 0.27 |
| Week 8 | 377 (295) | 440 (182) | 0.53 |
| PAI-1 Ag, ng/ml | |||
| Baseline | 17.3 (6.9) | 43.3 (27.5) | 0.01 |
| Week 4 | 20.3 (13.0) | 22.4 (14.5) | 0.72 |
| Week 8 | 18.6 (8.6) | 29.4 (10.6) | 0.02 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | |||
| Baseline | 150 (34) | 149 (27) | 0.92 |
| Week 4 | 145 (38) | 152 (31) | 0.67 |
| Week 8 | 146 (26) | 142 (34) | 0.78 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | |||
| Baseline | 39 (11) | 38 (11) | 0.68 |
| Week 4 | 38 (10) | 39 (12) | 0.85 |
| Week 8 | 39 (11) | 35 (10) | 0.33 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | |||
| Baseline | 95 (29) | 90 (28) | 0.65 |
| Week 4 | 92 (31) | 95 (31) | 0.83 |
| Week 8 | 90 (21) | 86 (28) | 0.73 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | |||
| Baseline | 81 (29) | 108 (45) | 0.08 |
| Week 4 | 77 (30) | 89 (41) | 0.43 |
| Week 8 | 84 (33) | 112 (78) | 0.31 |
| HOMA-IR | |||
| Baseline | 2.04 (2.19) | 2.96 (3.97) | 0.48 |
| Week 4 | 1.97 (1.82) | 2.28 (2.99) | 0.78 |
| Week 8 | 2.19 (1.72) | 2.85 (2.92) | 0.54 |
| Pentoxifylline concentration, ng/mL | |||
| Week 4 | 0 (0) | 89 (120) | |
| Week 8 | 0 (0) | 61 (65) |
Notes: Data presented as means (standard deviations) or as No. (%). All 13 placebo subjects had samples available at all study visits. Of the 13 pentoxifylline subjects, 11 and 10 had samples available at weeks 4 and 8, respectively. hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; sTNFRI and sTNFRII, soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors I and II; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; IP-10, interferon-γ-induced protein-10; PAI-1 Ag, plasminogen activating inhibitor antigen-1; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance.
For comparisons between placebo and pentoxifylline groups.