Table 5. Multivariate analysis of factors related to the practice and attitude toward gavage.
| Favorable attitude for continuing gavage | Experienced gavage | ||
| Women (n = 6,190) | Men (n = 1,803) | Women (n = 7,208) | |
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Other ethnic groups | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Arab | 4.96 (3.07–8.00) ** | 2.52 (1.53–4.18)** | 17.46 (10.75–28.35)** |
| Place of residence | |||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Rural | 1.47 (1.13–1.92) * | 1.33 (0.69–2.56) | 1.45 (1.12–1.89)** |
| Wealth | |||
| Lowest | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Second | 0.76 (0.63–0.90)* | 0.75 (0.54–1.04) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) |
| Middle | 1.00 (0.70–1.43) | 1.01 (0.60–1.71) | 0.94 (0.68–1.28) |
| Fourth | 0.63 (0.50–0.79)** | 0.52 (0.32–0.84)* | 1.19 (0.95–1.50) |
| Highest | 0.58 (0.45–0.74)** | 0.57 (0.34–0.95)* | 1.23 (0.96–1.57) |
| Education | |||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Koranic | 0.77 (0.64–0.93)* | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) | 2.13 (1.76–2.59) ** |
| Prim. Education | 0.64 (0.52–77)** | 0.45 (0.31–0.66)** | 1.27 (1.00–1.60) |
| Second. Education | 0.35 (0.28–0.44)** | 0.32 (0.22–0.47)** | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) |
| High (University) | 0.27 (0.15–0.50)** | 0.13 (0.06–0.26)** | 0.75 (0.41–1.35) |
| Age | |||
| 15–19 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 20–24 | 0.86 (0.70–1.06) | 0.60 (0.40–0.92)* | 1.43 (1.14–1.79)* |
| 25–29 | 0.82 (0.66–1.02) | 0.69 (0.46–1.05) | 1.63 (1.28–2.07)** |
| 30–34 | 0.75 (0.60–0.93)* | 1.90 (0.52–1.56) | 2.18 (1.66–2.87)** |
| 35–39 | 0.51 (0.40–0.67)** | 0.54 (0.30–0.95)* | 2.73 (2.10–3.55)** |
| 40–44 | 0.49 (0.37–0.64)** | 0.46 (0.25–0.86)* | 4.10 (3.03–5.55)** |
| 45–49 | 0.51 (0.38–0.68)** | 0.50 (0.26–0.98)* | 4.14 (3.02–5.67)** |
| 50–54 | NA | 0.60 (0.29–1.24) | NA |
| 55–59 | NA | 0.55 (0.25–1.21) | NA |
| Working Status | |||
| Not working | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Working | 0.84 (0.69–1.03) | 1.56 (1.06–2.29)* | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) |
| Interaction Term | |||
| Rural*working | 1.67 (1.22–2.28)* | 0.75 (0.40–1.39) | 0.69 (0.51–0.93)* |
**
p<.001;
*
p<.05.
§
This analysis was done among those women who know (heard of) the practice of gavage; we excluded women who did not know of gavage, did not belong to one of the 4 major ethnic groups, and the missing variables.
¥
This analysis was done among those women who either approve or disapprove the continuation of gavage; we excluded women who did not know of gavage, did not belong to one of the 4 major ethnic groups, and the missing variables.