Table 5.

A listing of library services and roles to support translational science research activities.

Stage of Research and Related Activities	Relevant Library Services	Suggest Support Roles
T1 translational; basic scientific discovery; preclinical and animal studies; proof of concept; first in humans; early Phase 1 clinical trials.	Funding databases; information about core facilities, research tools and assets; subject consultation; literature searches and citation management; research networking; data management and sharing plans; metadata services; privacy and security training; information and data dissemination; evaluation.	Subject liaison, evidence-based medicine expert; database searcher, cataloger, collection development expert, reference expert, data management expert; bioinformatics expert.
T2 translational; Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials; translation of research findings to patient care	Health disparities consulting, research ethics consulting, health informatics training and related library training, evidence based medicine support, grant support, collaboration, expertise and research asset identification through research networks, clinical data collection and clinical trials management (setting up these systems requires meta-tagging, taxonomy, ontology and identity support from libraries)	Subject liaison; database searcher; data liaison; collection development; role familiar with clinical trials management systems and clinical data repositories; taxonomist or ontologist; semantic web expert.
T3 translational; Phase 4 Clinical trials, Translation for Practice, where knowledge is gained in real-world settings	Dissemination and communication of results; data sharing; researcher networking; ethics consulting; data repositories; clinical outcomes support	Data consultant; ontologist; database searcher.
T4 translational; Community-engaged research and population health; health disparities.	Outcome studies; community based participatory research; community engagement; outreach; health literacy; social network analysis; research networking; funding sources for community partners; research ethics	Outreach librarians; subject liaisons; health literacy experts; community librarians; technical experts for social and research networking.

Note: Translational Science stages (T1-T4) adopted from Trochim, 2011.