Table 1. Nanoscale topography induces significant upregulation of a range of ontologies.

The “Array” number denotes the total number of genes available on the Affymetrix chip that belong to each ontology category while the “List” category value represents the number of genes that were significantly upregulated on the 400 nm pitch substrates within that specific ontology category. The z-score is the statistical likelihood that the ontology is significantly upregulated in the 400 nm group. A z-score over 2.0 is considered a significantly positive upregulation.

Ontology	List	Array	Z-score
serine family amino acid biosynthetic process	6	9	8.33
Golgi organization and biogenesis	7	12	8.32
response to unfolded protein	13	56	6.11
amino acid metabolic process	30	217	5.81
apoptosis	70	728	5.58
carboxylic acid metabolic process	49	461	5.39
negative regulation of DNA replication initiation	3	6	4.96
cell redox homeostasis	10	51	4.67
lipid transport	14	100	4
regulation of cell size	20	180	3.63
endothelial cell differentiation	3	10	3.55