Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of all samples (n = 54)

Characteristic	AD	MDD	HC	H	χ2	df	P-value
Samples	13	19	22
Sex
Male	6	3	8		3.71	2	0.156
Female	7	16	14
Age, years	59–77	58–74	59–77
Mean ± SD	69.5 ± 5.1	65.8 ± 5.7	67.4 ± 4.8	3.9		2	0.141
MMSE	19.6 ± 4.2
≤8	0
9–16	3
17–24	8
≥25	2

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; df, degrees of freedom; H, Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric multiple sample test; HC, healthy control; MDD, major depressive disorder; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; SD, standard deviation; χ², Chi-square for independence test.