Table 4.

Meta-analysis of correlations between DSM-IV ADHD symptom dimensions and symptoms of other psychopathology

			DSM-IV Symptom Dimension
	Samplesa		Inattention	Hyp - Imp	Difference between dimensionsd
Construct	kb	Total N	r [95% CI]	r [95% CI]
Anxiety disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	13	21,204	.45 [.38, .52]*e	.44 [.38, .49]*e	ns
Separation Anxiety Disorder	14	12,490	.20 [.13, .27]*e	.24 [.16, .32]*e	ns
Social phobia	4	5,474	.28 [.16, .40]*e	.20 [.04, .34]*e	ns
Mood Disorders
Withdrawn	17	6,793	.28 [.24, .32]*	.09 [.03, .15]*e	Inatt > Hyp-imp
Depression	17	19,601	.40 [.35, .44]*e	.29 [.23, .34]*e	Inatt > Hyp-imp
Other Internalizing
Anxious / Depressed	14	9,063	.27 [.23, .32]*e	.26 [.22, .29]*	ns
Somatic Complaints	14	2,829	.19 [.15, .22]*	.13 [.10, .17]*	ns
Total Internalizing	13	4,154	.32 [.28, .36]*	.23 [.17, .29]*	Inatt > Hyp-imp
Disruptive disorders
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	29	41,363	.54 [.50, .58]*e	.65 [.61, .69]*e	Hyp-Imp > Inatt
Conduct Problems	25	31,326	.38 [.33, .43]*e	.47 [.42, .53]*e	Hyp-Imp > Inatt
Aggressive Behavior	19	7,189	.37 [.33, .41]*e,f	.57 [.54, .60]*e	Hyp-Imp > Inatt
Delinquent Behavior	15	5,175	.28 [.23, .33]*e,f	.33 [.28, .38]*e	ns
Total Externalizing	13	5,774	.43 [.36, .50]*e	.59 [.54, .63]*e	Hyp-Imp > Inatt
Other symptoms
Pervasive Developmental Dis.	6	2,449	.35 [.26, .43]*e	.27 [.13, .40]*e	ns

^aNote. Supplement Table 9 includes the complete list of effect sizes and a summary of tests for publication bias and heterogeneity among the effects.

^bk = number of effect sizes included in the summary statistic.

^cOverall weighted correlation based on a random-effects model (DerSimonian & Laird, 1986).

^dOverall correlations are significantly different (P < .05).

^esignificant heterogeneity among the effects (see Supplement Table 9).

^fafter correction for publication bias correlations were slightly higher between inattention and delinquent behavior (r = .34), and aggressive behavior (r = .42).

^*= P < .05.