Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Author(s), Year	Country	Type of incontinence (e.g stress, urge)	Treatment (if any)	Study type (e.g. cross sectional, RCT, cohort)	Number of participants
Ternent et al, 2009 [20]	UK	Stress incontinence	No details	Cross sectional (self-selected sample)	105 (of 188 approached)
Ismail et al, 2009 [16]	UK	Urodynamic stress incontinence	Magnetic energy stimulation of pelvic floor muscles	Cohort	48
Rinne et al, 2008 [22]	Finland	Stress UI with indications for surgical treatment	a) Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)	RCT	267 (of 273 randomised)
			b) TVT obturator (TVT-O)
Haywood et al, 2008 [7]	UK	Stress and/or urge incontinence in women referred for physiotherapy from primary or secondary care.	Physiotherapy	Cohort (RCT with data combined across arms)	174
Monz et al, 2007 [12]	15 European Countries (UK and Ireland subgroup)	UI of any type in women seeking treatment	At discretion of physician	Cross-sectional data from cohort study	9487
Kobelt et al, 2006 [21]	France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK	Stress UI	NASHA/Dx gel	Cohort	82 of 139 enrolled
Dumville et al, 2006 [17]	UK	Proven stress UI requiring surgery	Laparoscopic vs open colposuspension	RCT	291
Currie et al , 2006 [10]	UK	Stress and non-stress incontinence in patients identified from sample which had been treated by urology department.	None specified	Cross-sectional	609 (from 2193 sent survey)
Monz et al, 2005 [13]	15 European countries	UI in women seeking treatment	None	Cross-sectional data from a cohort study	9487
Manca et al, 2003 [18] (clinical outcomes from Ward 2002)	UK	Stress incontinence with indication for surgical management	Tension-free vaginal tape vs colposuspension	RCT	344
Kobelt, 1997 [14]	Sweden	Mixed or urge incontinence in patients who had previously received therapy from a urotherapist.	None specified	Cross-sectional	461 (541 sent questionnaire)
Hawthorne, 2009 [2]	Australia	General population sample with data on presence and severity of UI	None	Cross-sectional	3015
Tincello et al, 2010 [19]	Germany, UK, Sweden & Ireland	Stress UI, with or without urge symptoms, in women seeking treatment	36.1% receiving conservative management at baseline. 18.0% receiving drug therapy at baseline.	Cross-sectional (baseline data from cohort study)	3739 of 3762 enrolled
Saarni, 2006 [9]	Finland	Self-reported UI in general population sample	None	Cross-sectional	8028 of which 13.0% reported UI
Noble et al, 2002 [11]	UK	Uncomplicated urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic enlargement	Laser therapy vs Transurethral prostrate resection vs conservative management	RCT	340
Mihaylova et al, 2010 [23]	Multicountry	Stress UI	Duloxetine vs conservative management vs duloxetine plus conservative management vs no treatment	Cohort (non randomised comparison of treatments)	1510
	(Germany, UK & Sweden)	40% had pure stress incontinence with the rest reporting both stress and urge incontinence
Donovan et al, 1997 [8]	12 countries	Outpatients attending urology department with symptoms (not specifically incontinence) and possible benign prostatic obstruction. GP sample (not selected for condition)	None	Cross-sectional	1271 outpatient sample
					423 GP sample (UK)

GP=General Practice NASHA/Dx =non-animal-stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranome, RCT=randomised controlled trial, UI=urinary incontinence, UK=United Kingdom.