Table 1. The effect of individual flower visitors on seed production in H. aristata.
| MODEL 1 | MODEL 2 | ||||||||||
| Marginal tests | Whole model | Marginal tests | Whole model | ||||||||
| Order | Family | Species | r | F | Es. | F | Pr. | Ab. | F | Es. | F |
| Passeriformes | Nectariniidae | Cinnyris bouvieri | 0.030 | 0.49 | – | – | 0.75 | 0.36 | 1.24 | 0.003 | 1.78 |
| Cyanomitra oritis | 0.044 | 1.06 | 0.011 | 1.91 | 0.80 | 0.36 | 3.03 | – | – | ||
| Cinnyris reichenowi | −0.093 | 4.73* | – | – | 0.19 | 0.41 | 3.91 | – | – | ||
| Diptera | Bombyliidae | −0.021 | 0.23 | – | – | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.23 | – | – | |
| Syrphidae | 0.045 | 1.07 | – | – | 0.58 | 0.35 | 1.22 | – | – | ||
| Other dipterans | 0.091 | 4.51* | 0.002 | 1.82 | 0.36 | 1.14 | 4.51* | 0.001 | 1.71 | ||
| Lepidoptera | −0.033 | 0.58 | – | – | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.58 | – | – | ||
| Hymenoptera | Apidae | Apis mellifera | −0.084 | 3.77 | 0.010 | 3.22 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 4.73* | 0.035 | 8.58** |
| Anthophora sp. | 0.036 | 0.70 | – | – | 0.52 | 0.36 | 0.79 | – | – | ||
| Megachilidae | Megachile sp. | 0.089 | 4.71* | 0.011 | 6.41* | 1.00 | 0.36 | 4.31* | 0.010 | 6.01* | |
| Other wild bees | −0.027 | 0.40 | – | – | 0.21 | 0.37 | 0.36 | – | – | ||
| Apidae | Xylocopa cf. inconstans | 0.176 | 17.2** | 0.040 | 10.64** | 0.50 | 0.22 | 10.78** | 0.010 | 4.00* | |
| Xylocopa nigrita | −0.028 | 0.41 | – | – | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.43 | – | – | ||
| Xylocopa erythrina | −0.028 | 0.41 | 0.000 | 1.116 | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.002 | 1.60 | ||
| Xylocopa lugubris | 0.025 | 0.33 | 0.006 | 2.2228 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.21 | – | – | ||
Permutation models: Model 1 assumed that visitors continuously saturate stigmas with pollen grains, i.e. the number of visits by individual visitors represented the explanatory variables. Marginal tests for this model represent individual regressions. Model 2 is based on the idea that the flower received sufficient pollen to produce the maximum of seeds after one visit from a pollinator (i.e. visitor presence/absence data were used). Marginal tests represent the individual permutation ANOVAs. Abbreviations: r, Pearson correlation coefficient; F, F ratio; Es., unbiased estimate of the components of variation, which shows the relative importance of individual terms in the model in relation to overall variation; Pr., mean number of seeds which developed from flowers visited at least once by the visitor; and Ab., mean number of seeds which developed from flowers not visited by the visitor. Significant differences (*0.01<p<0.05; **p<0.01) are in bold. The results for the random term ‘shoot’, which were always significant, were included in the whole models but are not presented. For more details, see Methods.