TABLE 1.
Addiction Severity Index characteristics: comparison by treatment center sample.
| Characteristics | South Central Tribal Program (N = 121) n (%) or mean (SD) |
Urban Treatment Center (N = 74) n (%) or mean (SD) |
p-Value | Total (N = 195) n (%) or mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 35 (11.5) | 33 (9.5) | .13 | 34 (10.5) |
| Female | 42 (34.7%) | 42 (56.8%) | .01 | 84 (43.1%) |
| Drug and alcohol use | ||||
| Regular use for at least 1 year | ||||
| Alcohol | 84 (69.4%) | 61 (82.4%) | .06 | 145 (74.4%) |
| Amphetamines | 58 (47.9%) | 74 (100%) | <.01 | 132 (67.7%) |
| Cannabis | 66 (54.5%) | 45 (60.8%) | .46 | 111 (59.6%) |
| Cocaine | 40 (33.1%) | 15 (20.3%) | .07 | 55 (28.2%) |
| Any opioids | 35 (28.9%) | 20 (27.0%) | .87 | 55 (28.2%) |
| Sedatives | 19 (15.7%) | 0 | <.01 | 19 (9.7%) |
| Barbiturates | 8 (6.6%) | 0 | .03 | 8 (4.1%) |
| Inhalants | 8 (6.6%) | 0 | .03 | 8 (4.1%) |
| Hallucinogens | 20 (16.5%) | 2 (2.7%) | <.01 | 22 (11.3%) |
| Polysubstance (more than one drug per day) | 21 (17.4%) | 71 (95.9%) | <.01 | 92 (47.2%) |
| Intravenous drug use | 17 (14.0%) | 17 (23.0%) | .12 | 34 (17.4%) |
| Alcohol treatment (number of times) | 1.1 (3.0) | 1.8 (2.5) | .50 | 1.3 (2.4)> |
| Drug treatment (number of times) | 1.1 (2.9) | 1.5 (1.5) | .35 | 1.2 (2.5) |
| Voluntary abstinence (most recent; months) | 10.0 (17.0) | 20.0 (21.2) | .03 | 13.4 (20.9) |
| Medical status | ||||
| Hospitalizations (lifetime total) | 5.0 (8.8) | 2.0 (2.9) | <.01 | 3.8 (7.3) |
| Days with medical problems (past 30 days) | 6.7 (10.9) | 4.6 (8.8) | <.01 | 5.9 (10.2) |
| Chronic medical condition | 47 (40.2%) | 43 (56.8%) | .03 | 89 (45.6%) |
| Employment/support status | ||||
| Days with employment problems (past 30 days) | 17.5 (13.9) | 4.8 (10.2) | <.01 | 12.6 (14.0) |
| Unemployed (in general past 3 years) | 42 (35.0%) | 38 (51.4%) | .04 | 80 (41.0%) |
| Valid driver’s license | 52 (43.3%) | 19 (25.7%) | .01 | 71 (36.4%) |
| Auto available | 59 (49.6%) | 16 (21.6%) | <.01 | 75 (38.5%) |
| Profession, trade, or skill | 82 (73.9%) | 47 (63.5%) | .14 | 129 (69.7%) |
| Family/social relationships | ||||
| Married | 39 (32.8%) | 7 (9.5%) | <.01 | 46 (23.6%) |
| Live with anyone with current alcohol problem | 29 (24.4%) | 10 (13.5%) | .10 | 39 (20.0%) |
| Live with anyone who uses nonprescribed drugs | 17 (14.4%) | 12 (16.2%) | .83 | 29 (14.9%) |
| Lifetime history of Emotional abuse | 70 (58.8%) | 68 (91.9%) | <.01 | 138 (71.5%) |
| Physical abuse | 49 (41.2%) | 68 (91.9%) | <.01 | 117 (60.6%) |
| Sexual abuse | 32 (26.9%) | 54 (73.0%) | <.01 | 86 (44.6%) |
| Psychiatric status | ||||
| Lifetime history of Depression and/or anxiety | 95 (79.8%) | 47 (63.5%) | .02 | 142 (73.6%) |
| Trouble concentrating or remembering | 64 (53.8%) | 26 (35.1%) | .01 | 90 (46.6%) |
| Violent temper | 48 (40.3%) | 13 (17.6%) | <.01 | 61 (31.6%) |
| Hallucinations/hearing voices | 26 (22.0%) | 12 (16.2%) | .36 | 38 (19.8%) |
| Suicidal thoughts | 49 (41.9%) | 26 (35.1%) | .37 | 75 (39.3%) |
| Suicide attempt | 25 (21.6%) | 11 (14.9%) | .34 | 36 (18.9%) |
| Psychiatric medication | 46 (39.0%) | 38 (51.4%) | .10 | 84 (43.8%) |