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. 2013 Mar 13;2:109. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-109

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© Dideriksen et al.; licensee Springer. 2013

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Geometric mean (± back-transformed SEM) of TGF-β-1 (A), CTGF (B), COL1A1 (C), COL3A1 (D), GAPDH (E) mRNA, normalized to RPLP0 mRNA, in Control (no bars) and Exercise (grey bars). All data are presented as fold changes between the two groups. That is the changes relative to the mean of all control values. Data were analyzed with unpaired and two-tailed t-tests. For TGF-β-1 (p = 0.34), no difference between groups was observed. Significant higher CTGF and COL1A1 mRNA levels were observed in the exercise group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). For COL3A1 (p = 0.11), the difference between groups was not significant. Control: no exercise; Exercise: 1-hr unilateral kicking at 67% of maximal workload 24 hours before trial.