Table 3.
Changes in glucose metabolism, lipids and other metabolic parameters over 8-week study period
| Variable | Insulin (N=18) | Placebo (N=21) | p | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Baseline | Week 8 change | Baseline | Week 8 change | ||||||
|
|
|
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| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 81.2 | 17 | 4.8 | 16 | 88 | 13 | -3 | 14 | 0.375 |
| Fasting serum insulin (μ IU/mL) | 8.7 | 4.9 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 14.7 | 12,6 | 0.6 | 7.5 | 0.686 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.82 | 1.18 | 0.15 | 0.58 | 3.36 | 3.17 | -0.04 | 1.93 | 0.935 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 5.7 | 0.5 | -0.13 | 0.4 | 0.310 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.7 | 3.9 | 1.64 | 3.86 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 0.38 | 1.51 | 0.436 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185 | 49 | -1 | 39 | 187 | 35 | 0 | 21 | 0.948 |
| Direct LDL (mg/dL) | 117 | 41 | -5 | 26 | 122 | 30 | -0.06 | 23 | 0.488 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 43 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 41 | 6 | -1 | 4 | 0.595 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 144 | 52 | -8 | 67 | 140 | 90 | -0.5 | 43 | 0.630 |
| LDL particle number (nmol/L) | 1 414 | 434 | 16 | 263 | 1 508 | 365 | 26 | 333 | 0.504 |
| LDL particle size (nm) | 21.0 | 0.5 | -0.1 | 0.8 | 20.7 | 0.7 | 0.03 | 0.4 | 0.617 |
| Small LDL particle number (nmol/L) | 836 | 387 | 45 | 370 | 924 | 413 | 53 | 326 | 0.436 |
| Large HDL particle number (μmol/L) | 6.3 | 3.5 | 0.29 | 1.8 | 4.9 | 3.2 | 0.22 | 1.79 | 0.864 |
| Large VLDL particle number (nmol/L) | 4.3 | 4.1 | -1.2 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 6.7 | -0.62 | 2.3 | 0.650 |
Notes: 1) Week 8 change equals week 8 value minus baseline value; 2) HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance; 3) HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; 4) p values were based on ANCOVA comparing between group differences in week 8 changes controlling for baseline values, age and education.