FIGURE 2.

(A) Diagram of GLRaV-2-based gene expression vector vLR2-GFP with gene functions shown. L1 and L2, papain-like leader proteases 1 and 2; p19, 19-kDa protein; p24, 24-kDa protein; other designations as in Figure 1A. (B) vLR2-GFP-mediated GFP expression in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berry. (C) Diagram of vLR2-based dual vector in which four variants of ChlI- or PDS-derived sequences in forward (F) or reverse (R) orientation were inserted downstream of ER-GFP ORF. (D) Spread of the dark, chlorophyll-less areas starts around the V. vinifera leaf cells infected with vLR2-ER-GFP-ChlI-F (green) as shown in the left panel, and later expands along the veins into the areas that contain no virus-infected cells (right panel). (E) Grapevine leaves showing chlorotic symptoms due to the RNAi targeting ChlI ~3 years post inoculation with vLR2-ER-GFP-ChlI-F.