Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies.
| First author, year [Ref] | Intervention (ingredients of Huangqi formulae) | Control | Duration /followup | Adverse event | Outcome measures | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung function | PESI | SGRQ | FCOPDE | |||||
| Xu, 2007 [7] | Manzufei decoction (Ginseng, Huangqi, Prepared Rehmannia Root, Tatarian Aster Root, White Mulberry Root-Bark, Chinese Caterpillar Fungus, Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit, Liquorice Root, Salvia Root, Peach Seed, Earthworm, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, English Walnut Seed) + Bronchodilators | Bronchodilators | 2 weeks/NR | No | Yes (no FEV1) | No | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Hong, 2004 [8] | Yufeining pills (Ginseng, Huangqi, Polygonatum sibiricum, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Human Placenta, English Walnut Seed, Dodder Seed, Asiatic Cornelian Cherry Fruit, Bitter Apricot Seed, Snakegourd Fruit, Thunberg Fritillary Bulb, Salvia Root, Peach seed) | No treatment | 6 mths/NR | No | Yes | No | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Jia, 2007 [9] | Yiqihuoxue decoction (Huangqi, Earthworm, Figwort Root, Salvia Root, Heterophylly Falsestarwort Root, Chinese Angelica) + Ipratropium bromide | Ipratropium bromide | 6 mths/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | No | Yes | Yes (noncontinuous data) |
|
| ||||||||
| Wang, 2005 [10] | Yifeijianpi decoction (Huangqi, Tangshen, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Poria, Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root, Pinellia Tuber, Dried Tangerine Peel, Earthworm, Common Coltsfoot Flower, Liquorice Root) + Hydrochloric acid ammonia bromine tablet | Salbutamol + Hydrochloric acid ammonia bromine tablet | 8 weeks/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | No | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Cui, 2004 [11] | Tongfei decoction (Unprocessed Rehmannia Root, Chinese Angelica, Huangqi, Salvia Root, Lily Bulb, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, Ginseng, Pinellia Tuber, Thunberg Fritillary Bulb, Snakegourd Fruit, Poria, Liquorice Root, Fructus Perillae, Citrus Red) + Ipratropium bromide+ Oxygen therapy | Ipratropium bromide + Oxygen therapy | 4 weeks/NR | No | Yes | No | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Lin, 2003 [12] | Jianpiyifei granule (Ginseng, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Poria, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, White Mulberry Root-Bark, Huangqi) + Conventional treatment | Placebo + Conventional treatment | 2 mths/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | Yes | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Zhang, 2006 [13] | Jianpiyifeibushen decoction (Huangqi, Tangshen, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Poria, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, Coastal Glehnia Root, Malaytea Scurfpea Fruit, Dodder Seed, Glossy Privet Fruit, Tokay Gecko, Bitter Apricot Seed, Snakegourd Fruit, Thunberg Fritillary Bulb, Salvia Root, Sichuan Lovage Rhizome) | No treatment | 6 mths/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | No | No | Yes (noncontinuous data) |
|
| ||||||||
| Feng, 2006 [14] | Jianpibufei decoction (Heterophylly Falsestarwort Root, Huangqi, Tokay Gecko, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Largetrifoliolious Bugbane Rhizome, Chinese Thorowax Root, Chinese Angelica, Common Coltsfoot Flower, Dodder Seed, Leech) + Doxofylline tablet + Contracting lip breathing + Oxygen therapy | Doxofylline table + Contracting lip breath + Oxygen therapy | 30 days/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | Yes | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Zhao, 2003 [15] | Herbal decoction (Huangqi, Cassia Bark, Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Prepared Rehmannia Root, Common Yam Rhizome, Asiatic Cornelian Cherry Fruit, Poria, Oriental Waterplantain Rhizome, Tree Peony Root Bark, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit) + Pulmonary rehabilitation | Pulmonary rehabilitation | 4 weeks/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | No | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Li, 2006 [16] | Bufeihuoxue Decoction (Huangqi, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Common Yam Rhizome, Peach Seed, Salvia Root, Sanqi, Red Peony Root, Safflower, Dried Tangerine Peel, Bitter Apricot Seed, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber) + Bronchodilators + Expectorants | Bronchodilators + Expectorants | 8 weeks/1 year | NR | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
|
| ||||||||
| Xu, 2004 [17] | Fufangqiqi decoction (Huangqi, Polygonatum Sibiricum, Epimedium Herb, Sanqi) + Ipratropium bromide | Nucleotide and casein oral solution + Ipratropium bromide | 6 mths/NR | NR | Yes | No | No | Yes |
|
| ||||||||
| Luo, 2002 [18] | Baofeidingchuan granule (Tangshen, Huangqi, Salvia Root, Chinese Angelica, Unprocessed Rehmannia Root, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, Platycodon Root, Liquorice Root, Earthworm, Epimedium Herb, etc) Theophylline controlled release capsules + Carbocisteine + Contracting lip breathing | Theophylline controlled release capsules + Carbocisteine + Contracting lip breathing | 3 mths/NR | NR | Yes | No | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Wang, 2007 [19] | Bufeiyishen capsule (Tangshen, Huangqi, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, Salvia Root, Chinese Caterpillar Fungus, Prepared Rehmannia Root, etc) + Bronchodilators + Mucus lytic agent + Antioxidants + Oxygen therapy | Bronchodilators + Mucus lytic agent+ Antioxidants + Oxygen therapy | 6 mths/NR | NR | Yes | No | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Huang, 2008 [20] | Butihuatan decoction (Huangqi, Heterophylly Falsestarwort Root, Cassia Bark, Chinese Angelica, Salvia Root, Fructus Perillae, Radish Seed, Pepperweed Seed, Leaf of Leatherleaf Mahonia) | Salbutamol + Theophylline + Hydrochloric acid ammonia bromine tablet + α-Chymo- trypsin | 2 mths/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | Yes | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| He, 2010 [21] | Buzhongyiqi granule (Ginseng, Huangqi, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Chinese Angelica, Dried Tangerine Peel, Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root, Largetrifoliolious Bugbane Rhizome, Poria, Fragrant Solomonseal Rhizome, Coastal Glehnia Root) + Theophylline | Placebo + Theophylline | 6 mths/NR | No | Yes (no FEV1) | No | No | Yes |
|
| ||||||||
| Guan, 2006 [22] | Feikang granule (Huangqi, Leech,Pinellia Tuber, Earthworm,) + Conventional therapy | Conventional therapy | 3 mths/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | No | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Wei, 2007 [23] | Yiqihuayu decoction (Huangqi, Herba Gynostemmatis, Cairo Morningglory Root or Leaf, Largetrifoliolious Bugbane Rhizome, Platycodon Root, Common Anemarrhena Rhizome, Zedoary Rhizome, Peach Seed) | No treatment | 3 mths/NR | NR | Yes | No | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Ma,2010 [24] | Bufei decoction (Tangshen, Huangqi, Prepared Rehmannia Root, White Mulberry Root-Bark, Malaytea Scurfpea Fruit, Tokay Gecko, Tatarian Aster Root, Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit, Liquorice Root) + Pulmonary rehabilitation | Pulmonary rehabilitation | 12 weeks/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | No | Yes | Yes |
|
| ||||||||
| Ding, 2009 [25] | Herbal decoction (Tangshen, Huangqi, Magnetite, English Walnut Seed, Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit, Tatarian Aster Root, Common Coltsfoot Flower, Fructus Perillae, Citrus Red, Aloeswood, Liquorice Root, Human Placenta, Tokay Gecko) + Theophylline tablet | Theophylline tablet | 2 mths/NR | NR | Yes | Yes | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Zhou, 2005 [26] | Feisaitong mixture (Huangqi, Coix Seed, Platycodon Root, Radish Seed, Salvia Root, Earthworm, Common Anemarrhena Rhizome) + Salbutamol | Salbutamol | 1 mth/NR | No | Yes (no FEV1) | Yes | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Hu, 2009 [27] | Jiajianbufei decoction (Tangshen, Huangqi, Figwort Root, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, Malaytea Scurfpea Fruit, Morinda Root, Dodder Seed, Stemona Japonica, White Mulberry Root-Bark, Dried Tangerine Peel, Platycodon Root, Salvia Root) + Oxygen therapy + Hydrochloric acid ammonia bromine tablet + Theophylline + Salbutamol | Oxygen therapy + Hydrochloric acid ammonia bromine tablet + Theophylline + Salbutamol | 2 mths/NR | NR | Yes | Yes | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Chen, 2009 [28] | Jiaweiqiweiduqi decoction (Asiatic Cornelian Cherry Fruit, Common Yam Rhizome, Prepared Rehmannia Root, Tree Peony Root Bark, Oriental Waterplantain Rhizome, Poria, Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit, Huangqi, Tangshen, White Atractylodes Rhizome) + salmeterol/fluticasone | Salmeterol/fluticasone | 12 weeks/NR | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Liang, 2009 [29] | Dongping decoction (Chinese Caterpillar Fungus, Huangqi, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root) + Bronchodilators | Bronchodilators | 12 mths/NR | NR | Yes (no FEV1) | Yes | No | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Zhang, 2009 [30] | Yifeiyangyin decoction (Lily Bulb, Unprocessed Rehmannia Root, Prepared Rehmannia Root, Thunberg Fritillary Bulb, Platycodon Root, Fructus Auranti, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Chinese Angelica, Coastal Glehnia Root, Common Yam Rhizome, Poria, Huangqi, Liquorice Root ) + Conventional treatment | Conventional treatment | 6 mths/NR | NR | Yes | No | Yes | No |
|
| ||||||||
| Tatsumi, 2002 [31] | Buzhongyiqi decoction (Huangqi, Ginseng, White Atractylodes Rhizome, Liquorice Root, Chinese Angelica, Dried Tangerine Peel, Largetrifoliolious Bugbane Rhizome, Chinese Thorowax Root, Ginger) + Inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, or both | Inhaled bronchodilators, ICS, or both | 6 mths/NR | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
PESI: percentage of effectiveness of symptom improvement; SGRQ: St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire; FCOPDE: frequency of COPD exacerbation; NR: not reported.